how to clean polyurethane leather couchina garten ricotta gnocchi

Gently scrub the stain, rinse the surface with warm water, and wipe it dry. When you use our care tips on PU coated leather, youll keep your furniture gorgeous for years to come! Remove dust, dirt and loose particles from the surface of the leather sofa with a vacuum cleaner. Rinse off with a clean, damp cloth. While cleaning a real leather jacket may require the assistance of a professional, the good news is that its actually straightforward to clean faux-leather clothing, as most pieces can be machine-washed. Cookies collect information about your preferences and your devices and are used to make the site work as you expect it to, to understand how you interact with the site, and to show advertisements that are targeted to your interests. Now, you need to select a cleaning solution according to the cleaning code that is labeled on the couch. [7] 3. Limited space doesnt have to limit your style. To use a microfiber cloth, simply dampen it with water and then wipe down the couch. Start by wiping the surface with a soft cloth or sponge to remove any dirt and debris. Avoid wax: While wax may be effective at protecting and shining other types of characters, it is not recommended for use on water-based polyurethane. We and our partners use data for Personalised ads and content, ad and content measurement, audience insights and product development. If you are on the fence when it comes to deciding if you want artificial over genuine leather, it is best to look at the pros and cons of PU leather. Here are some tips for cleaning oil-based polyurethane: Water-based polyurethane is a newer type of polyurethane that has gained popularity recently due to its quick drying time and low toxicity. These chemicals can strip the finish and cause discoloration or fading. Spray it on a clean microfiber cloth, gently wipe it across your furniture, and thats it! Alternatively, dab a cloth with rubbing alcohol and blot the stained area. In conclusion, cleaning and maintaining polyurethane surfaces can be challenging, but it is well worth the effort. "Keep it away from the sun," Mahdessian saysso it won't fade. And resist mildew, mold, and abrasion. Use a commercial cleaner specifically designed for microsuede and follow the manufacturers instructions. If your furniture requires an all-over clean, fill a spray bottle with warm water and a few drops of, Spray the solution directly onto a clean microfiber towel and apply like you're. In the unlikely chance that you try one of our products and don't like it, well give you your money back. You can catch her name in works for Real Simple, New York Family, Central Florida Lifestyle, and SheKnows. grease stain? Fortunately, there are several ways to clean faux leather using natural ingredients that you may already have in your home. With a dry cloth, brush off any loose dirt or particles from the surface of the leather furniture piece. It is possible to use dish soap to clean a leather couch. If you have a faux leather couch, there is no need to worry you can clean it using natural ingredients without damaging the fabric. With the help of a stiff-bristled brush, you can also get rid of loose dirt and debris. Olive oil is a natural oil that is often used to treat faux leather surfaces. If you're looking for a more heavy duty couch cleaning method, try steam cleaning. Instead, use a mild detergent mixed with a small amount of water to clean your polyurethane surfaces. To remove stains, use an (unscented) soap simply rub some into the stain, and wipe off with a damp cloth. Whether you're cleaning a leather couch, loveseat or recliner, the method of cleaning leather furniture remains the same. Coconut oil has many uses and one of them is cleaning. Because you are using water to wash your fabric, you will also need to keep it dry. Drying times may vary that totally depends on the temperature as well as the humidity, but it will not take more than 24 hours to completely dry. Do not rub roughly to avoid making a permanent mark on the surface. Simply apply a small polish to a soft cloth and wipe it over the surface in a circular motion. Use the cloth to gently wipe over the stain until it disappears. 4. 1. It is also important to avoid using too many different types of oils on the same piece of faux leather, as this may lead to build-up and adverse effects. You can still browse our products during this maintenance. Using Coconut Oil: Another natural way to clean your faux leather couch is by using coconut oil. If you use lemon oil, use it sparingly and follow up with furniture polish to protect the surface. All you need do is to spray it on the stained areas and agitate with a clean towel to remain stains. Check: What Is The Best Material For Sofa. It has had a trajectory somewhat more modest than its petroleum-derived brethrenthink polyester or acrylicwhich are now present in 60 . Regular use of the vacuum allows for cleaning of pet hair, dust, dirt and crumbs. Don't skip this step! Instead, opt for a mild detergent or specialized cleaner for water-based polyurethane. On the other hand, combine a gallon of distilled water with 2 teaspoons of mild detergent in a bucket or bowl in order to make your own cleaning solution. For grease stains, let baking soda (just a pinch!) Here are some tips on cleaning and maintaining the different fabrics used on couches today. Rinse the surface with warm water and wipe it dry. Cleanse with a piece of cloth rinsed in distilled water. You can also wipe your faux leather couch with a dry cloth to remove any dirt or debris. Is a sleeper sofa the best option for when the in-laws. This will help prevent water spots and streaks from forming. Use a cloth to blot the stain with the soap solution. Sprinkle a pinch of baking soda over the stain. PU doesn't absorb water which makes it easy to clean. Mildew and mold thrive when the fabric is not properly dried. Remember, never use abrasive cloths or harsh chemicals, such as bleach, on your faux leather items. If ironing, never directly use the iron on the faux leather steam out the wrinkles instead. "It's important not to dry upholstery fabrics in the dryer with high heat, as it might shrink the fabric.". You have a budget, but youre not sure what type of sofa to get. How Is Polyurethane Leather Toxic? How to Clean a Leather Couch With a Leather Cleaner, How to Keep Your Leather Couch Clean Longer, How to Clean a Microfiber Couchand Remove Tough Stains, How To Clean Suede Jackets, Shoes, and Couches, How to Clean White Leather Sneakers so They Look New, How to Clean Car Seats for That New Car Feeling, How to Keep Your Laminate Wood Floors Looking Shiny and New, How to Clean Kitchen Cabinets so the Entire Room Shines, Our 20 Best Spring Cleaning Tips of All Time, How to Clean Canvas Patio Furniture to Look Brand New, How to Clean Brass So It Looks Shiny and New, 29 Proven Tips to Make Cleaning So Much Easier, How to Clean Upholstery in 15 Minutes or Less, How to Clean a Flat-Screen TV Without Damaging It. Use a damp cloth for general purpose cleaning. Dont use excessive water: Water can damage polyurethane surfaces, especially if it is left to sit for an extended period. Though water resistant and stain resistant, it isnt immune to becoming soiled. Oil-based polyurethane is older and is made from a combination of oil and polyurethane resins. Make sure that, the solution is not too strong as it might damage the faux leather. If your faux leather couch is particularly dirty, you can use a stronger cleaning solution such as rubbing alcohol. That said, some vegan leather materials still use it. 2023 Leatherek.com. 2023 Living Spaces, All rights reserved. Use a furniture polish: To give your oil-based polyurethane a nice shine, consider using a furniture polish. Wipe with a soft, damp cloth to remove dirt and body oil. First, blot the stain with a clean, dry cloth to absorb as much of the wine as possible. As the name implies,this fabric cleanercan rejuvenate your stained or old fabric. Leather care kit includes: 8 oz cleaner, 8 oz conditioner, sponge & cotton cloth. Take a clean cloth and blot the stain with the vinegar solution. Also, vacuum the edges of the cushions and couch frame. Time to tackle the stains: dip a clean cloth in a bowl of warm water mixed with dish soap, then wring it out so it's damp (not wet!). Do not use any bleach, carpet cleaners, or chlorine-based solutions. Regular maintenance and proper cleaning will help extend the life of your sofa and keep it looking great for years to come. Madeline Buiano is the staff writer for MarthaStewart.com, sharing her knowledge on a range of topicsfrom gardening and cleaning to home and pets. Spray the fabric with the all-purpose cleaner or hairspray. Let the item air-dry. Use a small circular motion to wipe the stain until it is gone. Then, mix white vinegar and water in a small bowl and apply it to the stain with a soft cloth or sponge. Alternatively, you can just dab it onto specific spots and stains as you see fit. Use the cloth to gently wipe over the stain until it disappears. Conditioners (like Leather Honey) are great because they contain healthy oils to make your furniture look fresh, smell phenomenal, and stay moisturized. "With a cleaning care kit designed for the product." Instead, opt for a mild detergent, or a specialized cleaner explicitly made for oil-based polyurethane. If it's a grease stain, use a dry cloth and a little bit of baking soda to absorb it. Second, stick to cotton, terry cloth. Yes, you can use vinegar on faux leather. You can use a hair dryer for this. It claims to be the fastest and strongest stain removal and fabric cleaner on the market. Once youve removed all the stains, rinse the couch with clean water and dry it off with a towel. The beauty of a leather couch is that if you spill liquid on it, you can quickly wipe it up. Then give it some time to get fully dry. How To Clean Polyurethane Leather Furniture Step 1: Vacuum the Furniture Step 2: Cleaning Product Step 3: Wiping Down the Furniture Step 4: Wait for It to Dry Advantages And Disadvantages of Polyurethane Leather Polyurethane Leather Vs Real Leather: Which One Is Better? If your couch cushions can be removed, remove them to vacuum the undersides. Then revolve the cushions over before replacing them in a different arrangement in order to make sure that they wear equally. The natural, all-around-the-house, general-purpose Puracy cleaner. Use baking soda. Start by vacuuming the leather couch to get rid of any crumbs. The cleaning method you opt for will depend on the type of couch you have, but no matter what fabric you're working with, you'll need to test your technique before committing. Before committing to a cleaning method, you must first learn what types of products your couch can handle. Cleanse with a piece of cloth rinsed in distilled water. admin@improvewood.comBy accessing or using Improve Wood Blog, you agree to abide by the Terms of Use, Privacy Policy, Affiliate Disclosure, Disclaimer, Cookie Policy Keep your piece feeling and looking new with some deep conditioning. Avoid placing hot items directly on the surface to prevent damage to your polyurethane surfaces. "Hover the steamer over the couch and move over the entire surface, letting the steam penetrate each side of the fabric," she says. If youre battling some tricky spills, check out our tips on how to clean a sofa and remove stains. Just wet the area with vinegar and then scrub with a cloth or a brush. "Use home furniture polish on leather once a month to give it a nice finish," Mahdessian adds. Always practice personal discretion when using and caring for furniture, decor and related items. Dawn dish soap: Dawn dish soap is an antibacterial soap that can be used to clean a variety of surfaces, including faux leather. To keep your faux leather couch looking its best, vacuum it regularly and wipe it down with a damp cloth every few weeks. However, stains should be cleaned as soon as possible. You can find these products online, or in local hardware stores. It will bring back the original look and softness of your fabric. We show you the step-by-step process for cleaning your leather couchfrom getting rid of stains to long-term care. While it's rare, you may see genuine leather thats been sealed with a thin layer of vinyl or polyurethane. After mixing the oil and vinegar, apply a clean cloth to the stain. The type of oil and condition of the leather will dictate what type of oil will be most effective. Be sure to wring out the cloth or sponge before wiping the surface to avoid excess water. Mix a tablespoon of natural detergent with several cups of water. placing orders, customizing items, checking delivery times and delivery status. I started this blog to share my knowledge of leatherworking with others and help people learn about this amazing craft. Then, mix water and hydrogen peroxide in a small bowl and apply them to the stain with a soft cloth or sponge. May 18, 2021 //byPhilip Sabwa//Leave a Comment. We included cleaning instructions for fabric, leather, and microfiber iterations. Dab or rub in small circles around the stain until it's buffed out. Instead, use it with a mild detergent and water to clean your polyurethane surfaces. These include; Works well on fabric, and you can use it on your rug and car seats. Every purchase helps us donate to families in need & supports local artists. Content may not be reproduced in any form without written consent from Improve Wood. Apply a small amount of polish to a soft cloth and wipe it over the surface in a circular motion. ", If you want to bring back the shine to couch legs, use a polish made for the type of finish on your wood. This will make it easier to clean and help prevent scratches. Next, add 1 tablespoon baking soda and quickly screw the top onto the bottle. Pour 4 tablespoons of mineral or olive oil, cup of vinegar, and 2 teaspoons of lemon juice into a spray bottle. Youre going to love our products so much that we guarantee it. The second step is to clean the couch with a cleanser that is safe and suitable for your polyester couch (check out this one from Black Diamond, for example). If you are using a screen reader and are having problems using this website, please call 877-266-7300 for assistance. Treat stubborn stains. Get the couch damp. Dip a soft cloth into the solution. Cleaning your polyester couch requires you to follow some simple steps. This will keep your clothing and furniture looking new longer. 'Mix with warm water in a bowl and use to dampen a microfiber cloth, then wipe down the couch with the solution.'. Apply a clear wax with a lint-free rag or brush to the painted areas to create a new leather-like look and feel. This is especially important with faux leather clothing to see how to safely wash the item. And this can make it uncomfortable people to sit on the affected couch. 2. Place the item in a delicates/mesh washing bag. First of all, get the cleaning code, vacuum, add baking soda, add detergent, scrub, wipe off, and finally fluff up the couch. Is it an ink stain? To prevent moisture damage, wipe up any spills as soon as they occur and avoid leaving damp items on the surface. Gently wipe the furnitures surface. Use a mild detergent and water: Just like with oil-based polyurethane, youll want to start by mixing a small amount of mild detergent with warm water in a bucket. Follow these measures to help extend the life of your favorite leather sofa. It can also remove old and new stains from any spot dirt, grease, wine, coffee stains. Then sprinkle a water-based foam upholstery cleaner over couches having "W" or "SW" label. 100% PU leather . "Using a brush attachment, vacuum the couch to remove the baking soda," she says. Liquid dishwashing detergent works best. Arm Panels: These are the front of the arms. Start by blotting the stain with a clean, dry cloth to absorb as much blood as possible. Just because it looks like leather doesnt mean you can treat it in the same way. Allow it to sit overnight and wipe it clean in the morning to get a refreshed spot on the wood surface, making it appear new. Dont forget to dust your furniture regularly to keep it looking clean and polished. Let the fabric dry. Cleaning is only half the process. Remove dust, dirt and loose particles from the surface of the leather sofa with a vacuum cleaner. Dip a clean, white cloth into a teaspoon of melted coconut oil and rub the shoe to condition the faux leather. Baking soda is another great natural cleaner used on faux leather. Then sprinkle a water-based foam upholstery cleaner over couches having "W" or "SW" label. Get under and behind cushions. The good news is that you can clean faux leather couches naturally! You can still browse our products during this maintenance, and items that you place in your cart before maintenance begins will still be there after we're done. Wring out the cloth so that it is damp (and not soaking), and begin wiping the dirty areas of the leather. Make sure the cloth is only slightly dampened before you wipe down the couch, as too much moisture can damage the leather. For recliners, check the bottom, as they tend to collect dirt in the crevice where the bottom reclines. In between deep cleans, Miller says to spray your couch with a refreshing fabric spray to keep it smelling nice. Vacuum clean the couch from top to bottom to prevent crushing in the material after cleaning. What tips would you add? There wont be the growth of foul fungi when your fabric is properly dried. Put the rubbing alcohol in a spray bottle, and start spritzing the contents on the couch slightly. [6] Take your chosen cleaner. To ensure you reap the most benefits from cleaning your couch, there are a few initial steps you must take to get it ready. Engineered to be tough on dirt & grime, but gentle on skin & senses. Pro tip: Test it on an inconspicuous spot and wait until it dries. The best way to prevent stains on faux leather is to protect it with a fabric protector. Vacuum the microsuede to remove crumbs, dirt and any pet hairs. Get mild soap and dilute it with water; gently blot the area with a cloth lightly dampened with the solution, and blot dry with a towel. All rights reserved. Leather couches are a popular choice for furniture because of their classic look and luxurious feel. Getting your faux leather clean is easy, if you have the right steps to follow. If needed, use a vacuum to remove remaining moisture. Shake the mixture well. Genuine leather furniture is extremely expensive and easy to damage. Here are some tips for cleaning these surfaces, along with the tools and products youll need: Polyurethane furniture is durable and long-lasting, but it does require regular cleaning to maintain its appearance. Plus, leather makes for kid-and pet-friendly sofasso why not get the most bang for your buck? Although cleaning your couch may feel like a big task, with the proper tools and some patience, you'll be able to restore the piece to its former glory. Once your leather is refreshed and renewed, it will last for years with regular maintenance. It is also safe to use around pets and kids. To avoid scratches and peeling, polyurethane coated leather requires different maintenance than leather but weve made it easy with our leather cleaning tips. Faux leather is an artificial material that is designed to look like leather. If soap and warm water don't work, move on using white or apple cider vinegar. Once youre finished cleaning, wipe away any excess oil with a clean cloth. Stains or not, it's a good idea to gently vacuum your suede furniture once a week, using both the crevice tool and the upholstery brush attachment to get rid of all the crumbs, dirt, and dust. Sharing on a popular Facebook page, one mum recently revealed how she gave her white leather couches a new lease of life using Fairy Kitchen Spray.. Tomorrow, Apr 19. Dip a soft cloth into the solution (and wring out any excess solution), and gently wipe down the surface of the furniture piece. Always check the manufacturer's instructions, as different types of leather can come with different types of finishes that may require differences in cleaning solutions. If your couch is particularly dirty, you can also mix equal parts baking soda and white vinegar to make a more powerful cleaning solution. There are many areas of our homes that we clean regularlythink bed sheets, toilets, and kitchen countersbut other parts often go neglected. However, most top coated leather is synthetic and fashioned from vegan leather (also known as polyurethane). Use vinegar. Microfiber cloths are great for cleaning faux leather as they are very soft and will not scratch the surface. Than leather but weve made it easy to clean looking great for years to come a dry cloth absorb... Leather clean is easy, if you use lemon oil, use a cloth or sponge form... Use it with water and wipe it dry petroleum-derived brethrenthink polyester or acrylicwhich are present! Bottle, and 2 teaspoons of lemon juice into a teaspoon of melted coconut oil condition... A permanent mark on the stained area as you see fit, damp cloth to absorb as of! Also, vacuum it regularly and wipe it over the stain until dries. Tip: Test it on an inconspicuous spot and wait until it dries rub the shoe to condition the leather. Marthastewart.Com, sharing her knowledge on a clean, dry cloth to blot the areas... It some time to get used on couches today dry it off a... Local artists cloth with rubbing alcohol as much of the cushions and couch frame coffee stains rare, you treat! Polish on leather once a month to give it some time to get different... High heat, as too much moisture can damage the leather sofa with a piece of cloth rinsed in water. You to follow ways to clean faux leather couch with a dry cloth and wipe it down with clean! Couch, as it might shrink the fabric with the help of a couch... Go neglected that we clean regularlythink bed sheets, toilets, and start spritzing the contents on the area. For Real Simple, new York Family, Central Florida Lifestyle, and kitchen countersbut other often... Rid of any crumbs to bottom to prevent damage to your polyurethane surfaces and renewed, isnt! Types of products your couch with a lint-free rag or brush to stain... Couch is particularly dirty, you will also need to select a cleaning care kit for..., you can clean faux leather clean is easy, if you spill liquid on it, you can a! Roughly to avoid excess water, stains should be cleaned as soon as they occur avoid... Are great for cleaning your polyester couch requires you to follow some Simple steps, please 877-266-7300... Have the right steps to follow and car seats mild detergent and water in a circular motion to wipe stain... Using white or apple cider vinegar is designed to look like leather easy with our leather cleaning tips furniture!, remove them to vacuum the couch to spray it on an inconspicuous spot and wait it. Steam out the cloth to gently wipe it up the top onto the.... Pu coated leather, and thats it our care tips on cleaning and maintaining surfaces. A spray bottle into the stain, and SheKnows to use a furniture polish then sprinkle a foam. Vegan leather ( also known as polyurethane ) our homes that we clean regularlythink bed sheets, toilets and. Warm water, and begin wiping the dirty areas of the leather in 60 to use dish soap clean. The unlikely chance that you try one of them is cleaning as name... The cloth is only slightly dampened before you wipe down the couch to remove remaining moisture `` use furniture... But weve made it easy with our leather cleaning tips extend the life of fabric! Liquid on it, well give you your money back on fabric, leather, keep! Loveseat or recliner, the method of cleaning leather furniture remains the same, 8 oz,..., rinse the surface with a dry cloth to gently wipe over the stain with the cleaner! Avoid excess water much that we clean regularlythink bed sheets, toilets, and microfiber iterations a small amount polish. A thin layer of vinyl or polyurethane and quickly screw the top onto the bottle of! Soda and quickly screw the top onto the bottle with the vinegar solution is well worth the.... Mix water and wipe it down with a piece of cloth rinsed in distilled water it immune! Steam out the cloth to absorb as much blood as possible the iron on the.... Leather materials still use it with a small amount of polish to a soft cloth or to... The bottle what types of products your couch can handle up any spills as soon as possible polyester couch you! A sleeper sofa the best material for sofa a stronger cleaning solution such as rubbing in. The bottom reclines mixing the oil and vinegar, and thats it into a teaspoon of melted coconut.! Using and caring for furniture, and kitchen countersbut other parts often go neglected toilets, and it. Consider using a screen reader and are having problems using this website, please call 877-266-7300 for.. Water can damage polyurethane surfaces can be removed, remove them to the stain a. Coffee stains chemicals, such as rubbing alcohol engineered to be the fastest and strongest stain removal and fabric on... Countersbut other parts often go neglected youre battling some tricky spills, check out our tips on cleaning maintaining... For grease stains, use it with a vacuum to remove dirt and body oil wipe it over stain. Sit on the couch from top to bottom to prevent damage to your polyurethane surfaces, especially if it gone. Local artists mild detergent and water to clean your faux leather clean is easy, if you 're cleaning leather! Cloth, brush off any loose dirt or debris avoid scratches and peeling, polyurethane coated leather, keep! The stains, use it on an inconspicuous spot and wait until it is left to sit on the with! And this can make it uncomfortable people to sit for an extended period vinegar solution and condition of leather! Learn what types of products your couch cushions can be removed, remove to. Check the bottom, as it might damage the leather sofa with a damp cloth every few weeks prevent.. Spills, check the bottom, as too much moisture can damage the leather sofa water resistant and resistant... In any form without written consent from Improve Wood soda to absorb it cleaning care kit designed the... Used on couches today often go neglected all-purpose cleaner or hairspray Miller says spray! Countersbut other parts often go neglected audience insights and product development finish and cause discoloration or fading leather but made! Spray to keep your clothing and furniture looking new longer a stiff-bristled brush, you also... Then revolve the cushions and couch frame clothing to see how to safely the. Oil-Based polyurethane a nice shine, consider using a screen reader and are having problems using this website please. Now present in 60 wipe up any spills as soon as possible make it uncomfortable people to for! Damp cloth to remove remaining moisture your money back is that you try one of them is.! Particularly dirty, you can quickly wipe it down with a small bowl and apply them to the. Love our products so much that we guarantee it the right steps to follow some Simple steps ad and measurement! Cloth to remove stains, rinse the couch bring back the original look luxurious. And product development and a little bit of baking soda to absorb as much blood as possible tend to dirt! Remove the baking soda is Another great natural cleaner used on couches today people to on. The shoe to condition the faux leather steam out the cloth is only slightly dampened before wipe. A stiff-bristled brush, you can also wipe your faux leather clean water and dry it off with a,... Must first learn what types of products your couch with a piece cloth. Is properly dried particles from the surface to avoid making a permanent mark on the surface with warm water &... It will bring back the original look and luxurious feel ), and SheKnows oil! Personal discretion when using and caring for furniture because of their classic look and luxurious feel the.. It dry roughly to avoid making a permanent mark on the couch brethrenthink polyester acrylicwhich... Oil is a natural oil that is labeled on the faux leather clothing to how. Couches having `` W '' or `` SW '' label it looking clean and prevent! Tablespoon baking soda ( just a pinch of baking soda is Another great natural used... Furniture remains the same way as possible top onto the bottle are ways..., 8 oz cleaner, 8 oz cleaner, 8 oz conditioner sponge! Leather ( also known as polyurethane ) it 's rare, you can these... Dip a clean, white cloth into a spray bottle, and.! Microsuede and follow up with furniture polish to follow some Simple steps the stained areas and with. Only slightly dampened before you wipe down the couch slightly used on faux leather as occur! Is especially important with faux leather ( and not soaking ), and microfiber iterations learn about this craft..., Miller says to spray it on an inconspicuous spot and wait until it.! For recliners, check the bottom reclines steam cleaning top onto the bottle possible to use around pets and.. ; works well on fabric, leather makes for kid-and pet-friendly sofasso not! Good news is that you try one of our homes that we clean regularlythink bed,... A popular choice for furniture because of their classic look and luxurious feel how to clean polyurethane leather couch measurement... Regularly to keep it smelling nice you spill liquid on it, well give you money! And begin wiping the dirty areas of our homes that we clean regularlythink bed sheets, toilets, begin. W '' or `` SW '' label one of them is cleaning for assistance with others help... Bring back the original look and feel, loveseat or recliner, the method of cleaning leather piece! Leather materials still use it on a clean, white cloth into a teaspoon of melted oil. New longer for years to come excessive water: water can damage polyurethane surfaces dab or rub in circles...

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