How To Pronounce Thai Names, Images Of Candles And Flowers, Noosh Almond Protein Powder Review, Celebrities Who Play Violin, Carrot Arugula Soup, Best Field Dressing Kit, Reinforcement Learning Inference, Gloomhaven Tinkerer Items, Z390 Motherboard Power Switch, Elbow Falls Camping, Executive Music Producer Job Description, ..."> How To Pronounce Thai Names, Images Of Candles And Flowers, Noosh Almond Protein Powder Review, Celebrities Who Play Violin, Carrot Arugula Soup, Best Field Dressing Kit, Reinforcement Learning Inference, Gloomhaven Tinkerer Items, Z390 Motherboard Power Switch, Elbow Falls Camping, Executive Music Producer Job Description, " /> How To Pronounce Thai Names, Images Of Candles And Flowers, Noosh Almond Protein Powder Review, Celebrities Who Play Violin, Carrot Arugula Soup, Best Field Dressing Kit, Reinforcement Learning Inference, Gloomhaven Tinkerer Items, Z390 Motherboard Power Switch, Elbow Falls Camping, Executive Music Producer Job Description, " /> How To Pronounce Thai Names, Images Of Candles And Flowers, Noosh Almond Protein Powder Review, Celebrities Who Play Violin, Carrot Arugula Soup, Best Field Dressing Kit, Reinforcement Learning Inference, Gloomhaven Tinkerer Items, Z390 Motherboard Power Switch, Elbow Falls Camping, Executive Music Producer Job Description, " /> How To Pronounce Thai Names, Images Of Candles And Flowers, Noosh Almond Protein Powder Review, Celebrities Who Play Violin, Carrot Arugula Soup, Best Field Dressing Kit, Reinforcement Learning Inference, Gloomhaven Tinkerer Items, Z390 Motherboard Power Switch, Elbow Falls Camping, Executive Music Producer Job Description, " /> How To Pronounce Thai Names, Images Of Candles And Flowers, Noosh Almond Protein Powder Review, Celebrities Who Play Violin, Carrot Arugula Soup, Best Field Dressing Kit, Reinforcement Learning Inference, Gloomhaven Tinkerer Items, Z390 Motherboard Power Switch, Elbow Falls Camping, Executive Music Producer Job Description, " />

the lean startup chapters

This is the very heart of the Lean Startup business model. If the acquisition rate is higher than the churn rate, the company will grow. Main topics include the element(s) of running a business that is minimized in the lean startup method and something a lean startup practitioner would never do. Actionable: Your metric … They transformed Toyota into a flourishing global company by focusing on the following principles: This approach highlighted the difference between value-generating behavior, and waste –  principles which the Lean Startup method carries across to the context of entrepreneurship. The solution is to prepare employees for such results, and instead encourage a commitment to iteration, innovation, and to see such setbacks as part of the process. These 5 Lean Startup principles can be incorporated into 3 phases of a Lean Startup growth or development – Vision, Steer, and Accelerate. There are steadily growing numbers of companion books, follow-up books, conferences, blogs, and lean startup … Although we write the feedback loop … Be tolerant of all mistakes the first time. All assumptions would have to be explicitly stated and tested thanks to an authentic desire to get to the underlying truth of a project’s vision. Due to COVID-19 limitations, responding to and processing requests may take longer than usual. Lean Startup Summary. They measure vanity metrics or just plain bad metrics. The Lean Startup Summary and Review Part 3: Accelerate, Start Your Engines, Now We’re Talking Sustainable Growth, Given Eric Reis’ stunning credentials, he clearly knows what he’s talking about. Any team can create an experiment that only affects the sandboxed parts of the product or service. The Lean Startup Summary and Review Part 1: Vision, The Definition and Origins of the Lean Startup, Validated Learning – a Novel Approach to Data, The Lean Startup Summary and Review Part 2: Steer, The Lean Startup Depends on Minimum Viable Products, Lean Startups Must Measure Their Successes and Failures Optimally. ‘Steer' dives into the methodology of the build-measur… Validated learning is the process of drawing conclusions from this data, based on actual customer behavior – not on the feedback customers may provide via a survey or interview about what they may hypothetically like about a product that they have not yet interacted with. If the drivers of the business model are not improving, progress is not being made. No experiment can affect more than the specified number of customers. Amazon | Book Depository. Each sandbox team must use the same metrics to evaluate success. It is not to efficiently and quickly build something to see what happens, simply because we can. Advanced Searching The age-old, flawed adage that employees should simply work harder to increase overall productivity is precisely part of the problem as it finds us often pouring all of our efforts into all of the wrong things. However, entrepreneurs tend to include too many features on their MVP – if in doubt, always simplify. to represent 1 single character. Setting and verifying hypotheses. Auditable – The reports must contain true facts. About The Author: Eric Ries is an American entrepreneur, blogger, and creator of the Lean Startup Methodology, which he explains in “The Lean Startup”. See the help page for more details. Learning The Lean Startup is an important and highly acclaimed book for new startup ventures. But many of those failures are preventable. Startups must attempt to move towards their ideal baselines. Any team leading an experiment must monitor the metrics and customer interactions while the test is in progress and put an immediate end to it if something catastrophic happens. in the real world. To first understand what validated learning means, we need to highlight which of our efforts are creating value, and which are creating waste. For example, econom* will find both economics as well as economies, Standard business practices are not always applicable to startups. Ries, therefore, firmly believes that startup success is not necessarily about having a great idea, or even being in the right place at the right time; it is about following the right processes. Having worked as the CTO of the IMVU. As long as companies are prepared to adapt to a more flexible management philosophy, innovation can fuel the direction of big, established businesses. In a nutshell, The Lean Startup is about taking the scientific process to this question: Since our productive capacity exceeds our ability to know what to build, the question to ask is never “can it be built?,” but instead, “should it be built?” This is because Eric’s stated goal of innovation is to learn that which is currently unknown. However, many people put so much effort into the MVP that they forget to really think about what they should be measuring. It is one of the core business books that revolutionised the business startup environment over this last decade. It’s fair to say that The Lean Startup by Eric Ries transformed the world as we know it. Here the focus is on the customer lifetime value (LTV) which takes how much a customer will pay for a product over the product’s lifespan, and deducts from it the product’s variable costs. Phrase Searching Let’s start by unpacking the former. However, a well-considered pivot in a new direction can help entrepreneurs move along the path to a sustainable, successful business. Through repeat purchases or use – For products such as subscription plans (i.e. Netflix) or voluntary, repeat purchases (i.e. One of the most significant challenges entrepreneurs, and indeed teams in general, face when creating MVPs are the traditional notions of what quality means. The lean startup : how today's entrepreneurs use continuous innovation to create radically successful businesses / Eric Ries defines a startup as an organization dedicated to creating something new under … This is a cookbook for entrepreneurs in organizations of all sizes." It works in three steps: In addition to innovation accounting, Reis presents actionable metrics as a further way to improve the way Lean Startups measure their outcomes. Failures and setbacks would be approached as opportunities for learning, not as excuses to blame. The “viral” engine of growth – This engine differs slightly from word of mouth in that. Use features like bookmarks, note taking and highlighting while reading The Lean Startup… If your book is not available on E-ZBorrow, you can request it through ILLiad (ebooks unavailable). But how can we know what our customers value in our product? The same team must see the experiment through from start to finish. By the time the first iteration of a product has been distributed, it will have amassed a few customers and provided a wealth of data concerning what is and is not working in reality, rather than hypothesizing about what may work in the future. Of course, while this data is still valuable for validated learning and the Build-Measure-Learn feedback loop, such results can be interpreted as disheartening by a team. This would be a clear indicator that the company needs to pivot – more on this in the next chapter. Experts loved it. Indeed, one of the biggest blocks to creative potential is the poorly-made choice to persevere with a failing startup approach. Any feature that doesn’t contribute to what you need to learn should be removed as time spent on it will be a waste. One of the most difficult decisions an entrepreneur will face is to decide whether their startup needs to pivot or persevere. Accelerate – Here, the focus is on how to get Lean Startups to speed through the ‘Build-Measure-Learn’ feedback loop as quickly as possible. What’s more, Instagram…, So you want to promote your business through photography, but you want to catch your customer’s attention. This is just as true for one person in a garage as it is in a group of seasoned professionals in a Fortune 500 boardroom. The Lean Startup (2011) helps start-ups and tech companies develop sustainable business models. Before online shopping had really taken off, Nick systematically experimented with working out whether customers would be willing to buy shoes online by following this process: This approach is indicative of the Lean Startup method of experimentation. Innovation accounting allows startups to objectively prove that they are using validated learning to foster a sustainable business. Our Advanced Search tool lets you easily search multiple fields This method quite literally means to ask the same “why” question five times consecutively in an attempt to uncover the truth. Such companies meticulously track their churn and acquisition rates. Instead, he was able to observe, interact with, and learn directly from the customers and distributors that participated in his small-scale experiment. To avoid this, Reis suggests that Lean Startups follow these two rules: A traditional understanding of the way companies develop over time suggests that once they reach a certain size, they begin to lose the ability to innovate and grow – but this is a false belief. Given Eric Reis’ stunning credentials, he clearly knows what he’s talking about. Every experiment has to be evaluated by 5-10 actionable metrics. Both the lean startup and its suggestion of the minimum viable product now appear nearly everywhere that startups are discussed. The Lean Startup … Download it once and read it on your Kindle device, PC, phones or tablets. Wildcard Searching more precise results than World war II (without quotes). Thinking about getting in on the trend of video and live streaming for your business and not quite sure how and where t…, Instagram is a powerhouse. by Eric Ries. Indeed, the MVP is just the first step on the learning journey. Otherwise, the design should be considered a failure. BRILLIANT STRATEGY The value of a network as a whole is proportional to the square … Unclear hypotheses which, by their obfuscate nature, make it impossible to experience complete failure, again disguise the fact that a radical change may indeed be necessary. The Lean Startup Finish Now you're all set! Further, in doing so, Zappos didn’t engage in traditional methods of market research or customer surveys which would have asked what customers wanted rather than revealing their actual behavior. The Lean Startup method focuses on formulating a hypothesis and getting an MVP on the market, using the smallest batch size possible, within the quickest time frame. MVPs vary wildly in complexity from simple advertisements to early prototypes. Instead, trust the way they behave with a tangible version of the product and use this data to inform decisions going forward. These design changes must increase the activation rate. The Lean Startup approach fosters companies that are both more capital efficient and that leverage human creativity more effectively. Independent development authority – Startup teams require full autonomy to think creatively and to develop and market new products. Actionable metrics must adhere to the 3 A’s. However, many more traditional managers have a difficult time thinking about swapping from a large to a small batch mentality. In contrast, any issues caused by the new system are more glaringly obvious by comparison. In order to learn, failure must be an option, and failure while learning must be accepte… If you want to search for multiple variations of a word, you can substitute a special symbol If you have a question about how Lean Startup … The Most Difficult Question to Answer: Pivot or Persevere? Startup leadership : how savvy entrepreneurs turn their ideas into successful enterprises /, Department of startup : why every Fortune 500 should have one /, The entrepreneur's growth startup handbook 7 secrets to venture funding and successful growth /. The learning process must be validated— it must be demonstrated that learning, and therefore progress, is indeed occ… Eric Ries stripped everything down to the core basic principles of being lean … Synopsis The Lean Startup is a method to develop and manage startups. Although it may feel counterintuitive, working with small batch sizes is far more efficient than producing mass batches of a particular product. and organi?e will find both organise and organize. While implementing novel, dynamic approaches such as the innovation sandbox may cause a few teething problems; it can prove worthwhile to prepare managers that when such systems are introduced, it can feel worse before it starts to feel better. The Lean Startup is the foundation for reimagining almost everything about how work works. Use ILLiad for articles and chapter scans. For any company, large or small, to foster innovation, they require the following three structural attributes: When a company reaches a certain size; however, innovation can be seen to be threatening as it requires a shift in operations and established managerial systems which demand a great deal of effort. This is because it is instinctively felt to be inefficient. The Lean Startup was inspired by Toyota's lean … Chapter 1: Start The lean startup was based off of Ohno and Shingo's lean manufacturing revolution in Toyota. It must be able to adjust its performance and operations to match its current context. at the same time and combine terms in complex ways. No experiment can run longer than the specified amount of time. You can buy The Lean Startup by Eric Ries on. The Lean Startup method builds capital-efficient companies because it allows startups to recognize that it’s time to pivot sooner, creating less waste of time and money. A lean startup faces natural tension between opposites: fast and scrappy vs slow and methodical, hacky and agile vs robust and … If they did, he would return to the store, buy the pair of shoes at full price, and send them on to the customer. This is the largest community of practice around the Lean Startup, happening online. However, to be really effective, the Five Whys must be asked within an environment of mutual trust as otherwise, they can quickly descend into a means of blaming different team members. Not to be confused with the smallest product that could be brought to market, they are simply the quickest and most effortless way to zip through the Build-Measure-Learn feedback loop. You can use double quotes to search for a series of words in a particular order. For example, rather than continually trying to update and improve a product, we should work out whether customers are interested in our product at all. Consequently, the Lean Startup model is based on the following: Thus, the Lean Startup business model is a novel approach to the development and innovation of new products which focuses on speedy iteration, customer insight, creative vision and sizable ambition, simultaneously. Implement an MVP to gain real data on the current status quo of the company. He posted the pictures online to see if customers would buy them. The remaining revenue is then invested in growth via buying advertising. Scott Case CEO Startup America Partnership "A must read for every serious entrepreneur-and every manager interested in innovation. Reis states that when talking to entrepreneurs who pivoted their business model, they will nearly always say that they wish they had pivoted sooner. Don’t wait for someone else to do it. This is extr…. For an innovation sandbox to be truly effective, it must adhere to the following rules: Thanks to the fact that the same metrics are being used each time, it’s simple to assess whether a sandbox experiment has been a failure or a success. He suggests that such a company would be a place in which: Above all, however, Reis states that with the Lean Startup method, organizations can finally stop wasting so much time and start bravely testing their hypotheses out there in the real world at speed and with smart, validated learning processes in place which ultimately, help pave the way to success. From the perspective of the Lean Startup, an experiment isn’t just a line of theoretical enquiry – it’s the first version of the product. What they all have in common is a mission to penetrate t... E-ZBorrow is the easiest and fastest way to get the book you want (ebooks unavailable). Vanity metrics encourage entrepreneurs to draw conclusions from the data that match their wishes rather than reality; this, in turn, means that they do not believe that change is necessary. To work more adaptively, Reis introduces the concept of the “Five Whys.” The core of this method is to get a better picture of the reality behind why a particular process failed and to avoid jumping to quick, unsupported conclusions. Useful metrics should have three characteristics, known as the three A’s: 1. Often, startups measure their success by creating a milestone, interacting with a few customers and seeing if their overall numbers increase – but this is a flawed way of measuring progress. First, a product is built and tested in the real world, then its successes and failures are measured, and then, from the measurable data, validated learning can inform the next stage in the product’s development. —Roy Bahat, President, IGN Entertainment “Every founding team should stop for 48 hours and read Lean Startup. (Answer: Because the lubrication pump isn’t working optimally), Why is it not working optimally? Large batches do not allow for this kind of speed, and further, they prolong the validated learning process making it much more difficult to adapt and fine-tune a successful product. The key is to ship out a version of the product as quickly as possible to obtain real data. Want to get more out of the basic search box? Steer – This section dives deeper into the Lean Startup business model. Don't let the word startup in the title confuse you. (Answer: Because it was overloaded), Why was it overloaded? The “sticky” engine of growth – This particular engine focuses on attracting and retaining customers for the long-term. You can buy The Lean Startup by Eric Ries on Amazon. (called a "wildcard") for one or more letters. "Marc Andreessen co-founder of Andreessen Horowitz, Opsware Inc. and Netscape "The Lean Startup … The Lean Startup: How Today’s Entrepreneurs Use Continuous Innovation to Create Radically Successful Businesses. For example, a team will race to get an MVP out as quickly as possible, but won’t abandon it immediately, forgoing the validated learning process. With small batches, quality problems can be identified and rectified much sooner than when producing big batches, saving a considerable amount of time in the long-run. Inspired by lessons from lean manufacturing, it ... Chapter 5: Leap Startup … The author also defends that the traditional ways of analysis such as doing a business plan and doing forecasts don’t work in a startup environment because the uncertainty is so high. This ebook offers a summary of the book "The Lean Startup: How Today's Entrepreneurs Use Continuous Innovation to Create Radically Successful Businesses" by Eric Ries. thank you so much for this it was very informative and brief enough to be read quickly . A New York Times bestseller, the Lean Startup model is a global phenomenon, faithfully used by individual entrepreneurs and huge companies around the world – to astonishing results. He approached local shoe stores and asked if he could take photos of their inventories. Reports, therefore, need to be as simple as possible, and as widely accessible as possible to ensure that the entire team is on board. However, this is often the case because any problems caused by the original, old system are too intangible to grasp. What’s more, the innovation sandbox embodies the Lean Startup method in that it promotes rapid iteration, small batches, quick outcomes and constant validated learning. Indeed, Reis states that when he works with companies that adopt a large-batch approach, it is often the case that the team will need to redo their work 5 or 6 times for each product release. To do this Lean Startup summary justice, we’ve mirrored the way Ries has structured the book which is split across three main sections: So, let’s get to grips with the revolutionary Lean Startup model. A concise summary of Eric Ries' The lean startup-- in 30 minutes. The Lean Startup model takes its name from the Toyota manufacturing revolution as lead by Taiichi Ohno and Shigeo Shingo. This is where a new perspective needs to be adopted where the MVP is seen as a vital step towards building a high-quality product and without which, doing so will prove difficult. 1 The Lean Startup Summary and Review Part 1: Vision The Definition and Origins of the Lean Startup Validated Learning – a Novel Approach to Data Freedom to Experiment is Essential 2 The Lean Startup Summary and Review Part 2: Steer The Lean Startup … This goes against the core principle of the Lean Startup method, which is to stop unnecessarily wasting time. The Build-Measure-Learn feedback loop is the fundamental basis upon which a startup grows. Consequently, they may revamp the design to make it easier for the customer to use. All this will be delivered within practicing the lean … The Lean Startup Circle. The Lean Startup model boasts a unique concept that Reis refers to as “validated learning.” This approach to learning is more accurate, concise and quicker than traditional modes of market forecasting or corporate planning. traditional accounting does not work An additional stumbling block is that MVPs, more often than not, do not garner positive feedback from customers. Actionable – For a data report to be considered actionable, it must indicate a clear line of cause and effect, leaving no grey areas for success or failure to be erroneously attributed to the behavior of different departments. Acknowledging failure can be disastrous for team morale, and what’s more, the fear of their new suggested. You can use * to represent 0 or many characters. The Lean Startup defines a scientific methodology for running startups and launching new products. In 2009, Amazon bought Zappos for $1.2 billion. Chapter Three will take you to another stage which is the product stage where you will get to know the Lean Startup methodology and discover more about building your first minimum viable product (MVP) and how to bring it to the market. Read about Search Operators for some powerful new tools. As Steve Blank, a Silicon Valley entrepreneur states, all of the data that we need to amass concerning customers, markets and suppliers, only exists “outside the building,” i.e. This is where Reis provides us with two excellent Lean Startup tools to effectively measure our results: Innovation accounting and actionable metrics. 1 The Lean Startup Chapter 7.- Measure 2 Why Innovation Accounting? have a … Scarce but secure resources – Startups need significantly less capital than established businesses.Still, that capital must be safe from any form of tampering as startups are incredibly sensitive to any changes made to the budget midcourse. We must rethink the way we look at business, creating a culture and … The Lean Startup Wiki is maintained by volunteers and includes a comprehensive list of events and other resources here. Reis, therefore, suggests that in more established companies, an “innovation sandbox” should be created which will contain any impact of the experimentation and innovation within it, but in which the members of the startup team have full freedom. The method is based on the concepts of lean … No Tags, Be the first to tag this record! Lean Startup Chapters 2 - 3 - 4 SOME THINGS YOU NEED TO TAKE IN AND PONDER ABOUT ARE THINGS LIKE THESES. Never allow the same mistake to be made twice. The Lean Startup Summary Chapter 11: Slow Down Intelligently . Its tenets included drawing knowledge on individual workers, … In ‘Vision' Ries defines what an entrepreneur and startup actually are and articulates a new way for startups to measure their progress called ‘validated learning'. (Answer: Because we don’t have a system in place in which a member of staff regularly checks the lubrication pumps shafts). Oberlo uses cookies to provide necessary site functionality and improve your experience. The reasons why entrepreneurs delay pivoting is often threefold: However, the Lean Startup model approaches pivoting as a structured form of change which is testing out a new hypothesis about the product, business model or the engine of growth. At its heart, the Lean Startup method believes that waste is nearly always preventable once its real underlying cause has come to light. The book was published under the … Reis defines sustainable growth within a startup as being when “new customers come from the actions of past customers.” There are four ways in which past customers foster sustainable growth: All of these forms of sustainable growth feed into different types of feedback loop which Reis refers to as “engines of growth.” He identifies three engines of growth through which a company can become successful: While companies can employ more than one engine of growth simultaneously, Reis states that it is more often the case that successful startups will focus on just one and specialize in it. Such is the blind belief that large batches are superior that often when a large batch system has gone completely awry, employees and managers are likely to blame themselves rather than the system itself. The Lean Startup PDF is a book by Eric Ries in which he talks about strategies that new start-up companies can use to make their mark in the market. The basis of the lean startup methodology is that the entrepreneur … Instead, Reis invites us to imagine an organization in which each employee adopts the Lean Startup business method. This chapter [which i found to be one of the most important] defines the view that learning is the most important measure of progress of a startup. Most startups fail. As mentioned in the previous chapter, Reis emphasizes the importance of getting customers to interact with a product as quickly as possible as it is the results of this experimentation that determine the direction of the product. Eric Ries defines a startup as an organization dedicated to creating something new under conditions of extreme certainty. An MVP helps integrate real baseline customer data into a startup’s growth model, even if the customers don’t value the MVP at present. It advocates continuous rapid prototyping and focusing on customer-feedback data. A Lean Startup is defined by being adaptive. Accessible – Many reports are completely indecipherable to many managers and employees who need to use them as a base for making decisions. It’s what makes companies who implement the method so robust as, if they need to pivot, they have all the tools (think validated learning, freedom to experiment, MVPs, innovation account and accountable metrics) in which to do so, with both dynamism and courage. Therefore, based on scientific techniques and research, Eric developed the lean startup method. Josh on The Lean Startup. Anything that isn’t providing value to the customer is waste. Minimum viable products (MVPs) are essential to the Lean Startup method as they facilitate the process of validated learning as quickly as possible. View Notes - Chapter 7 The Lean Startup Measure from BUSA 465 at McGill University. This new approach has been adopted around the world within startups and established organisations. (Answer: Because it’s internal shaft mechanism is worn out), Why is the shaft worn out? Many entrepreneurs are simply afraid of pivoting. For example, imagine that a machine in the production line has stopped functioning, here’s how the Five Whys might look in practice, we might ask: Notice how we went from a rather macro-perspective of an entire machine grinding to a halt to working out that the reason why is because we don’t have an operational system in which an employee regularly checks the internal wear and tear of the pump shafts? This social media titan has more than 1 billion monthly active users. They must be: Actionable, Accessible, and Auditable. Vision – Here, Ries puts forward the case for a new discipline of entrepreneurial management. From this perspective, it’s now far easier to solve the issue and prevent such a large system failure from happening in the future. Why did the machine stop? He studied at Yale and in … How can they be sure that the changes in numbers are related to the changes they’ve made? What’s more, small batches means smaller inventories which thus frees up an ample amount of warehouse space – this radical inventory reduction is where lean manufacturing, as pioneered by Toyota, gets its name. Having worked as the CTO of the IMVU social network, the co-founder of FastWorks, the founder and CEO of the Long-Term Stock Exchange, and the entrepreneur-in-residence at Harvard Business School, IDEO and Pivotal, the Lean Startup business model is based on a wealth of lived experience. The Lean Startup is organised into three key parts, this summary will summarise each section. Therefore, validated learning and fast experimentation are integral to the Lean Startup business method. Rather than getting caught up in organizing an entire product line with inventories, warehouses and distributors, Zappos started small and employed the quickest way possible to test his hypothesis that there was a demand for online shoes. You can use ? Getting an MVP to market as quickly as possible will often not feel like a good representation of a professional’s complete  skillset. The classic example of a lousy metric is measuring the total number of anything – users, sales, etc. Essentially, don’t trust customers to know what they want ahead of time. The reason? The lean startup idea took off.

How To Pronounce Thai Names, Images Of Candles And Flowers, Noosh Almond Protein Powder Review, Celebrities Who Play Violin, Carrot Arugula Soup, Best Field Dressing Kit, Reinforcement Learning Inference, Gloomhaven Tinkerer Items, Z390 Motherboard Power Switch, Elbow Falls Camping, Executive Music Producer Job Description,

関連記事

コメント

  1. この記事へのコメントはありません。

  1. この記事へのトラックバックはありません。

日本語が含まれない投稿は無視されますのでご注意ください。(スパム対策)

自律神経に優しい「YURGI」

PAGE TOP