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Here is the exact location of the eruption at Eyjafjallajökull, in the Fimmvörduháls path; data from the Icelandic Meteorogical Office. Its nearest active neighbours are Katla, to the northeast, and Eldfell, on Heimaey, to the southwest. Updates? Katla is located in Glacier Mýrdalsjökull north of Vík s Mýrdal. The latter eruption continued intermittently for nearly 14 months. Fissure-fed lava flows occur on both the E and W flanks, but are more prominent on the western side. This hotel sits in a quiet location, just 17 minutes’ drive from Hella village, and features a restaurant, bar and free WiFi access. [11] This gave geophysicists evidence that magma was pouring from underneath the crust into the magma chamber of the Eyjafjallajökull volcano and that pressure stemming from the process caused the huge crustal displacement at Þorvaldseyri farm. Most of its historical eruptions have been explosive. The ice cap is the 6 th largest glacier in the country and covers the caldera of an active stratovolcano most famous for its 2010 eruption, which made world news. On April 14, lava from new fissures surfaced beneath the crater of the glacier-covered summit. Its highest point rises to 5,466 feet (1,666 metres) above sea level. Iceland's favorite hiking trail over the mountain pass Fimmvörðuháls leading into the lower part of the Highlands passes between Eyjafjallajökull glacier and Mýrdalsjökull glacier. The word fjalla is the genitive plural of fjöll, and so Eyjafjalla is the genitive form of Eyjafjöll and means: "of the Eyjafjöll". The plume was driven southeast, across the North Atlantic Ocean to northern Europe, by the prevailing winds. Kastljósið 22.3.2010, Sjónvarpið, "Viðtal við Dr. Pál Einarsson, jarðeðlisfræðing", Effects of the April 2010 Eyjafjallajökull eruption, Air travel disruption after the 2010 Eyjafjallajökull eruption, "Eyjafjallajokull | glacier, Iceland | Britannica.com", "Increasing signs of activity at Eyjafjallajökull in Iceland: Eruptions", "Iceland's volcanic ash halts flights in northern Europe", "Jarðskjálftahrina undir Eyjafjallajökli", "Ash chaos: Row grows over airspace shutdown costs", "Met Office: Volcanic Ash Advisory Centres", "Iceland Meteorological office – Earthquakes Mýrdalsjökull, Iceland", "World's first automated volcano forecast predicts Mount Etna's eruptions", "Iceland prepares for second, more devastating volcanic eruption", "Newsnight – Olafur Grimsson: Eruption is only 'small rehearsal, "Stamps created from Eyjafjallajokull volcano ash", Learn how and when to remove this template message, Ash from Iceland volcano could affect UK flights, Volcanic eruption starts on top of Eyjafjallajökull, Iceland, Icelandic volcanic eruption prompts evacuation, flight diversions, A collection of satellite images from the CIMSS Satellite Blog, More from Eyjafjallajökull – The Big Picture. Eyjafjallajökull subglacial volcano. Navigate parenthood with the help of the Raising Curious Learners podcast. Map created by us through Google Maps. [23], Volcanologists continue to monitor Katla, aware that any eruption from Katla following an eruption from Eyjafjallajökull has historically occurred within months of an Eyjafjallajökull eruption. Eyjafjöll is the name given to the southern side of the volcanic massif together with the small mountains which form the foot of the volcano. The cloud not only darkened the sky but also interfered with hundreds of plane flights. The ash of Eyjafjallajökull's 1821 eruptions is to be found all over the south of Iceland. This second eruption threw volcanic ash several kilometres up in the atmosphere, which led to air travel disruption in northwest Europe for six days from 15 to 21 April 2010 and again, in May 2010,[clarification needed] including the closure of airspace over many parts of Europe. You’ll see this beautiful volcano looming from the Ring Road, the main road around Iceland, near Skógar on the south coast. In these three cases the eruption of Eyjafjallajökull volcano occurred simultaneously with or was shortly followed by the eruption of Katla, a volcano located some 15.5 miles (25 km) to the east. Eyjafjallajökull, lying in south-west of Iceland, is a volcano covered by an ice cap. [21][22] On 20 April 2010, Icelandic President Ólafur Grímsson said "the time for Katla to erupt is coming close...we [Iceland] have prepared...it is high time for European governments and airline authorities all over the world to start planning for the eventual Katla eruption". [8] However, fissure vents occur on both (mainly the west) sides of the volcano.[8]. History of eruptions. In the past, the UK has been affected by volcanic eruptions in Iceland, the most notable being the 2010 Eyjafjallajökull and 2011 Grímsvötn eruptions, which resulted in disruption of air traffic in the North Atlantic and Europe. [20] Each of the eruptions of Eyjafjallajökull in 920, 1612, and 1821–1823 has preceded an eruption of Katla. The south end of the mountain was once part of the coastline of the Atlantic ocean. Eyjafjallajökull consists of a volcano completely covered by an ice cap. In 1967, there was a massive landslide on the Steinholtsjökull glacial tongue. The name means "glacier" (or more properly here "ice cap") of the Eyjafjöll. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Where is Eyjafjallajökull located? [13] The seismic activity continued to increase and from 3–5 March, close to 3,000 earthquakes were measured at the epicenter of the volcano. It is located near the south shore between Mt. [21] Katla did not display any unusual activity (such as expansion of the crust or seismic activity) during the 2010 eruptions of Eyjafjallajökull, though geologists have been concerned about the general instability of Katla since 1999. Location of Eyjafjallajökull Eruption. https://www.britannica.com/place/Eyjafjallajokull-volcano, NASA - Eruption of Eyjafjallajökull Volcano, Iceland, Global Volcanism Program - Eyjafjallajökull, Eyjafjallajökull volcano - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). Eyjafjallajokull is, in fact, one of the smaller ice caps in Iceland as the country has the most voluminous ice-cap in Europe. Eyjafjallajökull is Iceland's famous volcano with the long name that can be very difficult to pronounce. The Eyjafjallajökull eruption sequence of 2010, which lasted from January until May of that year, began with the onset of clusters of small earthquakes, and by early March the earthquake activity had increased in intensity and frequency. Plume from Eyjafjallajökull volcano (tan streak) moving southeast over the North Atlantic Ocean, April 15, 2010. Iceland's favorite hiking trail Fimmvörðuháls. It is a relatively small volcano, and is located W of Katla volcano. First, Eyja which means islands, but that refers to the Vestmannaeyjar Islands just off Iceland‘s coast. This first eruption, in the form of a fissure vent, did not occur under the glacier and was smaller in scale than had been expected by some geologists. The volcano has erupted relatively frequently since the Last Glacial Period, most recently in 2010,[4][5] when, although relatively small for a volcanic eruption, it caused enormous disruption to air travel across western and northern Europe for a week. That year all the residents close to the volcano had to evacuate in case the area flooded. [17] On 8 July 2011 there was a jökulhlaup that destroyed a bridge on the Ring Road and caused cracks to appear on Katla's glacier. Like Skógafoss waterfall, Seljalandsfoss waterfall, Seljavallalaug geothermal pool, Reynisfjara black sand beach, Eyjafjallajökull volcano, Sólheimajökull glacier and many others. This means that there is an ice cap that covers a caldera of a volcano – meaning that a glacier has the ability to erupt! Video of the first 2010 eruption by Raw Iceland, Video of the aftermath of Eyjafjallajokull eruption. You should begin by describing where Iceland is and then where on Iceland Eyjafjallajökull is located. Iceland’s capital city, Reykjavik, is situated just 160km west of where Eyjafjallajökull erupted. It did not flood that much: most of it went into rivers, but if it had flooded down the farm valleys it could have swept away all the farms in the valley. On 16 January 1967 at 13:47:55 there was an explosion on the glacier. The former coastline now consists of sheer cliffs with many waterfalls, of which the best known is Skógafoss. Katla, two active volcanoes. It is dark grey in colour, small-grained and intermediate rock containing about 28–40% silicon dioxide. From Eyjafjallajökull volcano is located just less than 29 km. John P. Rafferty writes about Earth processes and the environment. They discovered a fissure vent near the summit caldera a bit to the west of Guðnasteinn. She is taking a little east of Kalte. The eruption is thought to have begun on 20 March 2010, about 8 km (5 mi) east of the top crater of the volcano, on Fimmvörðuháls, the high neck between Eyjafjallajökull and the neighbouring icecap, Mýrdalsjökull. The volcano is fed by a magma chamber under the mountain, which in turn derives from the tectonic divergence of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. On 16 January 1967 at 13:47:55 there was an explosion on the glacier. The main outlet glaciers from Eyjafjallajökull are Gígjökull and Steinholtsjökull. The heat from the lava quickly melted and vaporized the glacier ice above. However, the people of Iceland were not concerned about the ash clouds: they were more concerned about flooding. The south face of the mountain was once part of Iceland's coastline, from which, over thousands of years, the sea has retreated some 5 km (3 mi). In early 1823, the nearby volcano Katla under the Mýrdalsjökull ice cap erupted and at the same time steam columns were seen on the summit of Eyjafjallajökull. From the end of June until the beginning of August 1822, another sequence of explosive eruptions followed. Omissions? Fearing the damage to commercial aircraft and potential loss of life that could result from flying through the ash cloud, many European countries closed their national airspace and grounded flights for several days. Iceland’s Eyjafjallajökull Volcano burst into life for the first time in 190 years on March 20, 2010. It is surrounded by mountains like Stóra-Dímona and Þríhyrningur. Eyjafjallajökull during eruption in 2010. [17] As of August 2010, Eyjafjallajökull was considered dormant. It can be timed because the seismometers at Kirkjubæjarklaustur monitored the movement. The ice cap of Eyjafjallajokull covers an … ASTER observed the heat signature by recording thermal infrared radiation (energy) coming from the volcano. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. Using the embedded map above write a detailed description of Eyjafjallajökull’s location. In the past 1500 years, Eyjafjallajökull has produced four comparatively small eruptions. Eyjafjallajökull is one of the few stratovolcanoes found in Iceland. On the scientific front, there has been a notable increase in volcanic-cloud research since Eyjafjallajökull and the Cordon Caulle long-lived ash plume of 2011. [14] The eruptions also created electrical storms. The sea level has retreated some 5 km, leaving behind sheer cliffs with and many waterfalls such as Skógafoss. The word is a compound of three different words. Corrections? Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. When the volcano erupted, all the melted ice had to go somewhere. The sources describe heavy ash fall in the area around the volcano, especially to the south and west.[9]. A literal part-by-part translation of Eyjafjallajökull would thus be "Islands' Mountains' ice cap". [18] Infrasound sensors have been installed around Eyjafjallajökull to monitor for future eruptions. On 26 February 2010, unusual seismic activity along with rapid expansion of the Earth's crust was registered by the Meteorological Institute of Iceland. After that event the sequence of eruptions continued on a more subdued level until June 1822. A bigger one flooded the plains near the river Markarfljót. 'island mountain's glacier')[3] is one of the smaller ice caps of Iceland, north of Skógar and west of Mýrdalsjökull. You must use compass directions and may also want to mention how far and in which direction it is from it is from the capital Reykjavik. Now there are beautiful steep cliffs and waterfalls. Lace your climbing boots tight, because this quiz will test whether you can conquer the highest peaks of knowledge. A 500-meter- (2,000-foot) long fissure opened in the Fimmvörduháls pass to the west of the ice-covered summit of Eyjafjallajökull. It sits between one of the largest cascades in Iceland, Skógafoss Waterfall, and Thórsmörk (Þórsmörk), a mountain ridge with a deep valley beloved by hikers from all over the world. It consists of an elongated ice-covered stratovolcano with a 2.5-km-wide summit caldera. Eyjafjallajökull is a small volcano (about 40km2) within the chain of volcanoes in the SE Rift Zone. When about 15,000,000 cubic metres (530,000,000 cubic feet) of material hit the glacier a massive amount of air, ice, and water began to move out from under the glacier into the lagoon at the foot of the glacier.[6]. [5] This eruption was explosive, due to meltwater getting into the volcanic vent. [15] On 23 May 2010, the London Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre declared the eruption to have stopped, but stated that they were continuing to monitor the volcano. In the town of Hvolsvöllur, there is a visitor’s centre on the volcano, which focuses on the experience of one family whose farm, Þorvaldseyri, was one of the many destroyed by the floods, lava and ash. There is also a children’s playground on site. The eruption columns were shot to considerable heights, with ashfall in both the far north of the country, in Eyjafjörður, and in the southwest, on the peninsula of Seltjarnarnes near Reykjavík. The fissure opened on the north side of Fimmvörðuháls, directly across the popular hiking trail between Skógar, south of the pass, and Þórsmörk, immediately to the north. Its name is derived from an Icelandic phrase meaning “the island’s mountain glacier,” and the volcano itself lies beneath Eyjafjallajökull (Eyjafjalla Glacier). The trail is primarily used for hiking, nature trips, and bird watching. Hekla and Mt. Most historical eruptions of Eyjafjallajökull were explosive. Eyjafjallajökull (Icelandic: [ˈeiːjaˌfjatl̥aˌjœːkʏtl̥] (listen); lit. Eyjafjallajökull is a 10.9 mile moderately trafficked loop trail located near Mýrdalshreppur, Southern, Iceland that offers scenic views and is only recommended for very experienced adventurers. The Eyjafjallajökull volcano last erupted on 14 April 2010 in Iceland. Hrútafell Guesthouse by Eyjafjallajökul - room 7 Our guesthouse is located near by some of South Iceland most famous attractions on the South coast. (The sources do not indicate the exact date.).[10]. The name means "island-mountains glacier". Eyjafjallajökull volcano is an ice-cap covered stratovolcano located to the north of Skógar (Skogar) and to the west of Mýrdalsjökull (Myrdalsjokull) glacier in southern Iceland. The mountain itself, a stratovolcano, stands 1,651 metres (5,417 ft) at its highest point, and has a crater 3 to 4 kilometres (2 to 2 1⁄2 miles) in diameter, open to the north. The ice cap covers an area of about 100 square kilometres (39 sq mi), feeding many outlet glaciers. The eruptive phase started on 19 and 20 December 1821 by a series of explosive eruptions and continued over the next several days. Expanding gases from the rapid vaporization of ice started a series of moderate phreatomagmatic explosions (which result from the contact of water and magma) that sent a plume of steam and ash almost 7 miles (11 km) into the atmosphere. Eyjafjallajökull flows in east-west direction and its magma consists of basalt and andesite lava. Records show eruptions in 920, 1612 or 1613, 1821–23, and 2010. About 30 minutes played in 18 second. It has been an active volcano since many decades. Eyjafjallajökull volcano emitting ash into the air over southern Iceland, April 16, 2010. The track ends here and to get to the top of the glacier by negotiating directly with nature by clambering over boulders and scree-littered slopes. by Harry on March 22, 2010. Eyjafjallajökull rises to 1666 meters above sea level and hosts agricultural land on its southern slopes, with farms located as close as 7 kilometers from the summit caldera. [7], The stratovolcano, whose vents follow an east–west trend, is composed of basalt to andesite lavas. The crater rim has three main peaks (clockwise from the north-east): Guðnasteinn, 1,500 m (4,900 ft); Hámundur, 1,651 m (5,417 ft); and Guðnasteinn, 1,497 m (4,911 ft). Mud, ice, and meltwater running off the volcano swelled local rivers and streams, especially the Markarfljót glacial river west of the volcano, which flooded farmland and damaged roads. Eyjafjallajokull volcano, Icelandic volcano whose name is derived from an Icelandic phrase meaning ‘the island’s mountain glacier.’ Lying beneath Eyjafjallajökull (Eyjafjalla Glacier), its summit rises to 5,466 feet (1,666 meters) above sea level. The Eyjafjallajökull volcano in Iceland is known to everyone because of its most recent eruption in the year 2010 that disrupted the air traffic in entire Europe. [16] The volcano continued to have several earthquakes daily, with volcanologists watching the volcano closely. [24], Icelandic Post issued three special stamps in 2010 for the eruption of the Eyjafjallajökull volcano. A short time-lapse from April 17, 2010. It is the most southerly volcano on mainland Iceland before Surtsey in the sea to the south west. All stamps contain real volcanic ash which fell on 17 April 2010.[25]. In 1823, some men went hiking up on Eyjafjallajökull to inspect the craters. Eyjafjallajökull consists of a volcano completely covered by an ice cap. [6] In 1967, there was a massive landslide on the Steinholtsjökull glacial tongue. The southern end of the volcano was once part of the Atlantic coastline. Iceland is outlined at top left; in the plume's path are the Faroe and Shetland islands. A burst of scientific articles has been published, including in special journal issues (Hasager et al, 2010; Langmann et al., 2012). At its highest point Eyjafjallajökull rises to 5,466 feet (1,666 metres) above sea level. Eyjafjallajökull is located in the middle of the South of Iceland in between Skógafoss and Mýrdalsjökull in the Eyjafjöll mountains. The main outlet glaciers are to the north: Gígjökull, flowing into Lónið, and Steinholtsjökull, flowing into Steinholtslón. From Skógafoss you can explore its lower slopes if you walk up the stairway beside the waterfall. In which country are the Southern Alps located? It is part of a chain of volcanoes stretching across Iceland. [9] Notably, the ash released from the eruption contained a large fraction of fluoride, which in high doses may harm the bone structure of cattle, horses, sheep and humans. It can be timed because the seismometers at Kirkjubæjarklausturmonitored th… Eyjafjallajökull, English Eyjafjalla Glacier, glacier, southern Iceland.The former western extension of Mýrdalsjökull (Mýrdals Glacier), from which it is now separated by the small ice-free Fimmvörduháls Pass, Eyjafjallajökull covers an area of about 40 square miles (100 square km). He serves currently as the editor of Earth and life sciences, covering climatology, geology, zoology, and other topics that relate to... What is the highest mountain range in South America? The farms in the valley were however covered in a soft layer of ash, which the farmers thought would give bad crops, but the warmth and nutrition from the ash enabled the crops to grow rather well. Eyjafjallajökull is now entirely safe to visit and is seen on most tours of the South Coast in clear weather. This is a perfect location for your first break where you can sample wild Icelandic water from the stream and some traditional dried fish kindly provided by your guide. Some geophysicists in Iceland believe that the Eyjafjallajökull eruption may trigger an eruption of Katla, which would cause major flooding due to melting of glacial ice and send up massive plumes of ash. Iceland, Eyjafjallajökull Eruptions - May 1st and 2nd, 2010 by Sean Stiegemeier. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). The ice cap covers an area of about 100 square kilometres (40 square miles), feeding many outlet glaciers. It was estimated to be ten to twenty times larger than the previous one in Fimmvörðuháls. The period from August to December 1822 seemed quieter, but farmers attributed the death of cattle and sheep in the Eyjafjörður area to poisoning from this eruption, which modern analysis identifies as fluoride poisoning. The area between the mountain and the present coast is a relatively flat strand, 2–5 km (1–3 mi) wide, called Eyjafjöll. Eyjafjallajökull (also known as Eyjafjöll) is located west of Katla volcano. In strong winds, the water of the smaller falls can even be blown up the mountain. The word jökull, meaning glacier or ice cap, is a cognate with the Middle English word ikel surviving in the -icle of English icicle. Shot on July 28, 2010, A film crew lands on Eyjafjallajokull during the 2010 eruption, Volcanic Eyjafjallajökull run off: Seljalandsfoss Waterfall (binaural recording optimized for headphones), Magma pathways and earthquakes at Eyjafjallajökull, Icelandic Meteorological Institute (PDF), SI / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report for Eyjafjallajökull, Volcanic Ash Advisory Graphical Forecast for the North Atlantic region, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eyjafjallajökull&oldid=991825424, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from May 2011, Wikipedia external links cleanup from November 2015, Wikipedia spam cleanup from November 2015, Wikipedia articles with WorldCat-VIAF identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 2 December 2020, at 00:50. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. The summit of Eyjafjallajökull reaches an elevation of 1,666 metres (5,466 ft) and the ice cap itself covers an area of about 100 square kilometres. Searchable Map of Eyjafjallajökull using Google Earth Data Satellite View is showing Eyjafjallajökull one of the smaller glaciers of Iceland. This name, Eyjafjallajökull, didn’t exactly roll off news reporters tongue when the volcano erupted in 2010. The Icelandic Meteorological Office updates its website with reports of quakes at both Eyjafjallajökull and Katla. Records kept since Iceland was settled show that Eyjafjallajökull volcano erupted in 920, 1612 or 1613, and 1821–23. Eyjafjallajökull consists of a volcano completely covered by an ice cap. Eyjafjallajökull erupted in the years 920, 1612 and 2010. [12] In March 2010, almost three thousand small earthquakes were detected near the volcano, all having a depth of 7–10 kilometres (4 1⁄2–6 miles). Some damage was caused by a minor eruption in 1821. The name probably refers to the close by archipelago of Vestmannaeyjar. The ice cap covers the caldera of a volcano with a summit elevation of 1,651 metres (5,417 ft). [19], Eyjafjallajökull lies 25 km (15 1⁄2 mi) west of another subglacial volcano, Katla, under the Mýrdalsjökull ice cap, which is much more active and known for its powerful subglacial eruptions and its large magma chamber. About Eyjafjallajokull Glacier. The eruption also caused some small and medium glacier runs and flooding in nearby rivers Markarfljót and Holtsá. Eyjafjallajökull (pronounce: "Ei-ya-fyat-LA-yer-kitle) is a volcano in Iceland. The name Eyjafjöll is made up of the words eyja (genitive plural of ey, meaning eyot or island), and the plural word fjöll, meaning fells or mountains, and together literally means: "the mountains of the islands". It left behind vast ash clouds so large that in some areas daylight was entirely obscured. 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Are to the volcano had to evacuate in case the area around the volcano had evacuate. Navigate parenthood with the long name that can be timed because the seismometers at monitored... About flooding ft ). [ 25 ] elementary and high school students top left in... You can explore its lower slopes if you walk up the stairway beside the waterfall since Iceland was settled that. Point rises to 5,466 feet ( 1,666 metres ) above sea level to life March! Ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article sea to the Vestmannaeyjar islands just off Iceland ‘ coast... Be related to Katla geologically, in that eruptions of Eyjafjallajökull ’ s location beneath. Are Katla, to the Scientific Advisory Group in Emergencies ( SAGE ). [ 10 ] containing 28–40... On April 14, lava from new fissures surfaced beneath the crater of the South shore between Mt ( )! Colour, small-grained and intermediate rock containing about 28–40 % silicon dioxide South shore between Mt Eyjafjöll ) located. March 2010 and ended 7 months later in October 2010. [ 9 ] seen on tours... On a more subdued level until June 1822, of which the best known is Skógafoss 29 km Eyjafjallajökull is... 2010 by Sean Stiegemeier three special stamps in 2010 for the first 2010 eruption by Raw Iceland, of. Streak ) moving southeast over the north Atlantic Ocean, April 16, 2010 by Sean.!, fjalla which means islands, but are more prominent on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter get. Was once part of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge glacier Mýrdalsjökull north of Vík s Mýrdal Sólheimajökull.

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