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The queen mother was born an Archduchess of Austria; Alfonso’s wife, Victoria Eugenia, Queen, consort of Alfonso XIII, King of Spain (1887–1969), was a granddaughter of Victoria, Queen of Great Britain (1837–1901). Alfonso's mother, Maria Christina of Austria, served as regent until he assumed full powers on his sixteenth birthday in 1902. The 1918 influenza pandemic did not, as many people believed, originate in Spain. 5. The couple went on to have five children: one daughter (a carrier whose children did not inherit the disease) and four sons, two of whom had hemophilia. The Restaurationist constitution of 1876 was expected to bring endemic antagonism between military and civilian powers to an end. Alfonso's mother, Maria Christina of Austria, served as regent until he assumed full powers on his sixteenth birthday in 1902. The estimated number of deaths related to the infection worldwide ranged from 20 to >50 million [1–3]. ALFONSO XIII AND THE SECOND REPUBLIC 2. A week before the report was to be published, however, Alfonso was rescued from a humiliating situation by a coup d’état (September 13, 1923) led by General Miguel Primo de Rivera. She was very anxious to build up his physical strength, and he was encouraged to spend much time swimming, sailing, and riding. African colonial slumps of the year 1921 gave the signal for the start of a general offensive against the throne, and the army, respectively represented by King Alfonso XIII and the general Primo de Rivera. Alfonso was monarch from birth as his father, Alfonso XII, had died the previous year. King Alfonso XIII (1885– 1931) was not a modernizer. This office, in coordination with the Red Cross, consisted of several sections: missing-in-action soldiers; communications with occupied territories; war prisoners; repatriation of injured soldiers and civilians; internments in Switzerland; commutations; funding assistance for isolated people; and inspections carried out by Spanish delegates in Berlin, Vienna, and Rome. Corrections? Als sein Vater gilt offiziell deren Ehemann und Cousin Francisco de Asís de Borbón. These rumours were used as political propaganda against Alfonso by the Carlists. He was the first of the Portuguese Kings to rule in the Kongo. King Alfonso XIII was born on May 17, 1886. Although his conduct during World War I was irreproachable (he observed a scrupulous neutrality and rendered great service to humanitarian causes), in the postwar period he began to move toward a system of more personal rule, even seeking a means to rid himself of the legislature. When Primo de Rivera fell from power in January 1930, a temporary government under General Dámaso Berenguer was called on to save the king. Alfons XII. In August 1914 he had already proposed a Spanish-Italian joint arbitration, which he hoped would result in a Latin-sponsored peace agreement. Although lively and intelligent, he was raised in an ultraclerical and reactionary atmosphere by his doting mother. The result was political instability; 33 governments were formed in Spain between 1902 and 1923, and the parliamentary system was steadily discredited. In his establishing the state religion, Alfonso called for the burning of any non-Christian idols or objects related to magic and sorcery, erasing significant aspects of the Congolese cultural heritage. Alfonso XIII (17 May 1886 – 28 February 1941) was King of Spain from 1886 until the proclamation of the Second Republic in 1931. Alfonso XII died in 1885 at the age of 27. They just don’t make them this way anymore… Built by King Alfonso XIII for the royals and VIPs attending Seville’s 1929 world fair, the Hotel Alfonso XIII is … For most teams in Spain, they just have their name be like this, and nothing changes. This text Additionally, King Alfonso XIII of Spain also fell gravely ill with the virus, heightening press coverage in the country and grabbing headlines elsewhere. Her wife, María Cristina, was pregnant when he died, so the next king would be Alfonso XIII. Alfonso XIII was born in 1886, one year after his father's death. Restoration Regime; Spanish neutrality; Pacifism; Humanitarianism; War prisoners, King Alfonso XIII, El Africano [the African], El rey regeneracionista; The Regenerator, A Young King: The Expectations for Spanish Regeneration, María Cristina, Queen, consort of Alfonso XII, King of Spain (1858-1929), Victoria Eugenia, Queen, consort of Alfonso XIII, King of Spain (1887–1969), Victoria, Queen of Great Britain (1837–1901). The eldest surviving son of Queen Isabella II and, presumably, her consort, the duque de Cádiz, Alfonso accompanied his mother into exile following her deposition by the revolution of September 1868. The impact of military defeat in Morocco, and the post-World War I Depression, put pressure on the King, and after 12 unsuccessful governments during the period 1918–23 Alfonso did not resist the coup of General Primo de Rivera. Navigate parenthood with the help of the Raising Curious Learners podcast. The most Alfonso families were found in the USA in 1920. In cooperation with the French, he restored order to north Africa and began extensive infrastructure upgrades in Spain. Why Was It Called the 'Spanish Flu?' After Spanish unrest in the summer of 1917, including military insubordination (Juntas Nacionales de Defensa), political challenge to the system (Asamblea de Parlamentarios in Barcelona), and the revolutionary general strike, Alfonso XIII was considered to be more sympathetic to the German position. The posthumous son of Alfonso XII, Alfonso XIII was immediately proclaimed king under the regency of his mother, María Cristina. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Alfonso-XIII, 1914-1918-online - International Encyclopedia of the First World War - Biography of Alfonso XIII, Spartacus Educational - Biography of Alfonso XIII, Alfonso XIII - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). An office dealing with prisoners-of-war and missing personnel was established at the Royal Palace in Madrid. His remains were later returned to Spain in 1980 after his grandson, Juan Carlos, became King of Spain after the death of General Franco. Although lively and International Encyclopedia of the First World War, ed. General Francisco Franco reinstated him as a Spanish citizen and restored his property (confiscated in 1932), but he eventually abdicated his rights to his third son, Don Juan. Alfonso XIII, King of Spain (1886-1941), who was bor… In Social Clips. He was a monarch from birth as his father, Alfonso XII, had died the previous year. He was most active from 2001 to 2001. Built by King Alfonso XIII for the royals and VIPs attending Seville’s 1929 world fair, the Hotel Alfonso XIII is -literally- built for royalty. Alfonso XIII of Spain, also known as El Africano, was the King of Spain from his birth in 1886 until the establishment of the Second Republic in 1931. King Alfonso I, also referred to as “the Apostle of the Kongo,” served as King of the Kongo in Africa from the early part of the 1500’s through 1542. As a result of the war, Alfonso XIII acquired the nickname “Alfonso the African.” Perhaps the biggest miscue of Alfonzo’s reign was hitching his wagon to the likes of dictatorial Prime Minister Miguel Primo de Rivera (In office 1923-1930). Official Alfonso XIII biographies argue that several blunders committed by the king during his reign were offset by his humanitarian work during the First World War; this was also a point made by the royalist propaganda in the Second Spanish Republic. Alfonso XIII was royalty. Alfonso XIII (17 May 1886 – 28 February 1941), also known as El Africano or the African, was King of Spain from 1886 until the proclamation of the Second Republic in 1931. It’s an inherited disease that’s usually passed from mother to son. Discover Alfonso XII: La vida del El Pacificador [Alfonso XII: The Life of the Peacemaker] as it's meant to be heard, narrated by uncredited. He was born Alfonso León Fernando María Jaime Isidro Pascual Antonio de Borbón y Habsburgo-Lorena, the son of the late King Alfonso XII of Spain and Archduchess Maria Christina of Austria. 3. This prompted his mother, María Cristina, Queen, consort of Alfonso XII, King of Spain (1858-1929) to resign the regency in 1902. In his public speeches, especially in the state opening of parliament, Alfonso XIII always emphasized Spanish neutrality and his commitment to peace, but in fact he was torn by conflicting opinions about the parties involved. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. He was King for only a short period, eleven years scarce, because he died in November 1885, when he was just about to turn twenty-eight, from complications from the tuberculosis he was suffering. A member of the Bourbon Dynasty, ruled as king of Spain from 1886 until 1931.. Alfonso XIII was born king; his father, Alfonso XII (r. 1875–1885), died six months before his birth. He tended to speak ill of the British to the French and vice versa, doing the same with the Italians and Austrians. He was most prominent from 1886 to 1886. 5. The Restaurationist constitution of 1876 was expected to bring endemic antagonism between military and civilian powers to an end. November 28 marks the birth anniversary in 1857 of Prince Alfonso de Borbón y Borbón who, in December 1874, would become King Alfonso XII. In 1923, imposed by Primo de Rivera dictatorship ended final canovista system. Alfonso XIII, Spanish king (1902–31) who by authorizing a military dictatorship hastened his own deposition by advocates of the Second Republic. The morbidity pattern (affecting mostly young and healthy persons), together with the rapid disease progression to fatal multiorgan failure and death, were distinct features of the 1918–1919 influenza pandemic [3–6]. Due to King Alfonso's whims and the absence of parliamentary majorities in the pre-World War I period, the monarchy was actively involved in ministerial instability. The impact of military defeat in Morocco, and the post-World War I Depression, put pressure on the King, and after 12 unsuccessful governments during the period 1918–23 Alfonso did not resist the coup of General Primo de Rivera. In 1880 there were 21 Alfonso families living in Florida. After helping a French washerwoman find her husband, who was missing in action, in 1914, thousands of letters were sent asking for the Spanish king’s intervention in personal affairs. Currently, there is consensus surrounding the name given to the pandemic. Meanwhile, the king aspired to take the lead in organizing an international peace conference in Madrid. His mother, Queen Maria Christina, was appointed regent during his minority. This is how most normal teams are named. News of the sickness first made headlines in Madrid in late-May 1918, and coverage only increased after the Spanish King Alfonso XIII came down with a nasty case a week later. Alfonso XIII (17 May 1886 – 28 February 1941) reigned as King of Spain. Eventually, he agreed to hold municipal elections (April 1931), which, at least in the important towns, resulted in a landslide for the Republican and Socialist parties. Alfonso XIII's mother, Queen María Christina of Habsburg-Lorraine (1858–1929), ruled as regent until he reached his sixteenth birthday. Tusell, Javier / Queipo de Llano, Genoveva García: Victoria Eugenia, Queen, consort of Alfonso XIII, King of Spain (1887-1969), Victoria, Queen of Great Britain (1837-1901). He intervened directly in the Moroccan War in 1921 with such disastrous effect that a subsequent commission of inquiry placed the blame squarely on him for the defeat at Annual (Anwal). Why Hemophilia Is Called ‘A Royal Disease’ ... Victoria Eugenie, took the disease to Spain when she married King Alfonso XIII. The posthumous son of Alfonso XII, he grew up alongside two elder sisters under the regency of their mother, María Cristina. He grew up in and around Spain with his mother (she was an Austrian Princess) and his two sisters. The dictator established martial law and began cracking down on the regional separatists. Februar 1941 in Rom; vollständiger Name Alfonso León Fernando María Jaime Isidro Pascual Antonio de Borbón y Austria-Lorena) war von 1886/1902 bis 1931 König von Spanien. Alfonso XIII, (born May 17, 1886, Madrid, Spain—died February 28, 1941, Rome, Italy), Spanish king (1902–31) who by authorizing a military dictatorship hastened his own deposition by advocates of the Second Republic. Two years later, the king sided with General Miguel Primo de Rivera’s (1870–1930) dictatorship, dealing a death blow to the monarchy in Spain. Additionally, King Alfonso XIII of Spain also fell gravely ill with the virus, heightening press coverage in the country and grabbing headlines elsewhere. Free trial available! His mother's accession created the second cause of instability, which was the Carlist Wars. by Ute Daniel, Peter Gatrell, Oliver Janz, Heather Jones, Jennifer Keene, Alan Kramer, and Bill Nasson, issued by Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 2014-10-08. Alfonso was born as the child of Alfonso XII of Spain and Maria Christina of Austria on May 17th, 1886 in Madrid. Alfonso was born in Madrid on May 17, 1886, 6 months after the death of his father, King Alfonso XII. King Alfonso XIII of Spain. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. He left a legacy as the king who worked to spread Catholicism throughout […] Hence, Alfonso considered himself to be the long-awaited “regenerator” who would allow Spain to enter prosperous times and recover its prestige abroad. 1886-1931 - Alfonso XIII was proclaimed King of Spain. His mother, Maria Cristina of Hapsburg, served as regent during Alfonso's minority. Alfonso XIII, King of Spain By Carolina García Sanz De Borbón, Alfonso (King Alfonso XIII, El Africano [the African], El rey regeneracionista, The Regenerator) King of Spain Born 17 March 1886 in Madrid, Spain Died 28 February 1941 in Rome, Italy Alfonso XIII was a controversial Spanish king during the first decades of the 20th century. Forty members of the royal staff, as well as volunteers, worked together with Spanish diplomats all around Europe for prisoners’ relief. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Alfonso was monarch from birth as his father, Alfonso XII, had died the previous year.Alfonso's mother, Maria Christina of Austria, served as regent until he assumed full powers on his sixteenth birthday in 1902. King Alfonso XIII, however, would not live to see any of that as he died in Rome not long after his abdication a month later on February 28, 1941. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree.... Get exclusive access to content from our 1768 First Edition with your subscription. Alfonso was born in Madrid as the eldest son of Queen Isabella II. Alfonso XIII was a controversial Spanish king during the first decades of the 20th century. His mother was the former Queen of Spain and his father was the deceased King Alfonso XII. Although moves were made to nominate King Alfonso for the Nobel Peace Prize, they were never successful. He set up a military junta, called the Directory, and when government ministers complained to the King, Alfonso dismissed them. is licensed under: CC by-NC-ND 3.0 Germany - Attribution, Non-commercial, No Derivative Works. Alfonso XIII of Spain 1902-1931 Called "the African» 1 (Madrid, May 17, 1886-Rome, February 28, 1941), was king of Spain from birth until the proclamation of the Second Republic on April 14, 1931. The victors demanded the king’s abdication; when the army withdrew its support from Alfonso, he was forced to leave Spain (April 14, 1931), though he refused to abdicate the throne. His great personal courage in the face of these attacks, however, won him considerable admiration. Despite Spanish neutrality in August 1914, the royal family was distressed by the European war because of each family member's background. The posthumous son of Alfonso XII, Alfonso XIII was immediately proclaimed king under the regency of his mother, María Cristina. After the failure of the First Spanish Republic in 1873, a conservative seizure of power led to the restoration of the Bourbon monarchy with the ascendance of Alfonso XII, King of Spain (1857–1885)to the throne. Omissions? 1906 - Alfonso XIII married Princess Victoria Eugenie of Battenberg on the 31st May. He reacted early against the boredom of court life and began his lifelong attachment to the Spanish army. One remarkable thing about Alfonso XIII is that he became king the minute he was born, which was in the year 1886, because his father had died before he was born. He grew up during a period in which the Spanish people had become tired of kings and wanted to have a republic. An der Vaterschaft bestehen allerdings Zweifel[1], da Francisco kränklich war und teils als zeugungsunfähig, teils als homosexuell bezeichnet wurde; als biologischer Vater wird daher gelegentlich Enrique Puigmoltó y Mayans, ein Hauptmann der Leibgard… After the Spanish-American War of 1898, which had ended Spain's colonial empire, the young king represented the clearest example of a new generation that could change the face of the nation. Why did Alfonso XIII get expelled Because he permitted the dictator Primo de Rivera to dictate Spain from 1923-1930 and because he acted bad in the Marruecos Guerra When was the 2nd republic of … Alfonso’s reputation was tarnished after the Disaster of Annual in July 1921, when the Berber leader Abd el-Krim (1882–1963) defeated the Spanish Army. She was very anxious to build up his physical strength, and he was encouraged to spend much time swimming, sailing, and riding. 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