y is the former Chairman of the

2022.07.31
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y is the former Chairman of the

Tony is the former Chairman of the IEEE; Past President of the IEEE Power Engineering Society; Chairman CISA/ISACA New England; and former President, CEO and Chairman of two venture capital-backed global technology companies. High-bandwidth communication is used in WAMS. Moreover, SMs are integrated into the BEMS and automatic functions are enabled when peak use approaches critical price thresholds or system constraints (Frderer, Lsch, Nver, Ronczka, & Schmeck, 2019). The basic component of an AMI system is the Smart Meter which sends meter readings in a scheduled manner to the MDMS. It is at this vital crossroad that the power industry has two choices: The latter approach is risky and will prove to be a major impediment to Smart Grid success. Smart meters are solid-state electronic electricity meters supporting not only the measurement of electricity consumption but also additional smart functionalities as hourly electricity consumption, time-based load control, remote connection and disconnection of delivery site, tamper detection, etc. It also has the ability to transfer bidirectional communications of data. This may result in serious database performance issues. After completing his Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering, Mr. Giroti trained at Crompton Greaves Ltd. in the Power Systems division designing large transformers. Leveraging the Data Were Going to Need a Bigger Boat. Each device performs synchrophasor measurement. The AMI head-end software needs to talk to the. WAN, wide-area communication network; OSGP, Open Smart Grid Protocol; VPN, virtual private network; DLMS-IDIS, device language message specification- interoperable device interface specfication; ADMS, advance distribution management system. The sheer handling of such transaction load may be a significant challenge and will require careful planning and selection of the appropriate communication technologies and MDM vendors. Improve demand response through dynamic pricing and demand response rate programs, managed by a single MDMS solution. 6. Robust validation, estimation and editing (VEE) for interval and register data to meet data quality standards, supply billing determinants and support non-billing scenarios. For a million meters, this data amounts to roughly 1,111 TPS (transactions per second). The wireless communication system helps reduce the cost associated with meter reading and also supports the billing process. At least 20% of domestic smart meter products must be exported. Transaction Volume =1,000,000/(15 x 60) = 1,111 tps. The effects of climate disruption will increasingly define the reliability and resiliency of the grid. Many SG & DR projects are hitting performance bottlenecks due to architectural constraints. Currently, Automated meter reading used by the most of the utilities is not having two way communication, it does not meet the requirements of smart grid implementation. Increasing export capacity of engineering services and smart grid equipment. Typically, HANs need to cover areas of up to 200m2 and support from 10 to 100 kilobits per second (kbps) [85]. It consists of two types networks: backhaul and core network. The dynamic system condition is assessed through the high-resolution data ability. As Meter Data Management products and applications are being employed to collect the data for various Smart Grid initiatives, these programs call for collecting huge volumes of meter data on a 15-minute interval basis. One important component of HAN is IHD that allows measuring how much power is consumed and displaying real-time energy price to the customers. Fig. Murty, in Electrical Power Systems, 2017. A variety of technologies such as WiMAX, 4G, and PLC could be used in WAN networks. From: Advances in Smart Grid Power System, 2021, Chris King, James Strapp, in Smart Grid, 2012. This is primarily due to the fact that up until now, the industry has had minimal real-time integration demands. The third is the data control centers, which are present at the periphery or premises of the utility. One of the key aspects of the Smart Grid Architecture is to provision real-time decision making, which is possible only if data can be harnessed as it is generated (without much latency) and is applied towards a specific objective that requires data as it happens. Phasor data concentrators (PDCs) are used to collect the information. Currently, Automated meter reading used by the most of the utilities is not having two way communication, it does not meet the requirements of smart grid implementation. Shubhani Aggarwal, Neeraj Kumar, in Advances in Computers, 2021. high or low). He also holds a Master of Science in Electrical and Computer Engineering from the University of Massachusetts. Within an AMI, smart meters are used to collect meter data or information on events via a periodic message exchange. Achieving technical knowledge of design and production of local and wide area monitoring, control, and protection systems, distribution automation, and SACADA systems. and (2) load control devices as load switches, thermostats, etc. Enable true interoperability and distributed intelligence to deliver business outcomes for utilities and smart cities. Further, individual operators to overcome legal and other obstacles need government support so that appropriate legislative measures are taken. Non real-time integration requirements via batch-data or passive flow of data can be leveraged appropriately for non real-time decision-making. Based on a RF/Zigbee communications network, Smart Meters act as an aggregator and send data to the data collection unit where a system controller transfers the aggregated data to the Meter Data Management System (MDMS). Their strategy is directed toward security of supply, competitiveness, and sustainability. For the first time the Bonneville Power Administration utilized such a system called WAMS. The entire network needs rapid data transfer within the frequency of sampling of the phasor. Given the transaction volume generated by Smart Meters, Smart Grid Architecture would also require a Management by Exception (MBE) capability where any error related to the integration of data and messages between systems and applications is captured, a trend identified and eventually addressed within a meaningful timeframe. The technologies mentioned are all cost intensive and require huge financial resources. Hacking may affect thousands of customers. Data continues to be locked in silos and sharing becomes a significant challenge over time. Either way, such a transaction needs to be processed when it occurs. By 2050 EU envisages to cut the greenhouse gases by 80%95% of the 1990 levels. There is an International Smart Grid Action network where many nations are participating and sharing their expertise. Managing data from more than 50 million meters across 100+ energy and water companies on six continents. The phase measurement units (PMUs) are distributed all over the network. We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content and ads. An event in general could be a business event such as detection of an outage condition or a system event such as failure of the MDM application to collect meter data. There has to be a consistent policy formulation and setting up of regulations in this direction from the various players and mutual cooperation to realize smart grids. AMI features and capabilities include a, American national standard for utility industry end device data tables, 2009, IEEE Standard for Utility Industry Metering Communication Protocol Application Layer (End Device Data Tables, 2012, NIST Priority Action Plan 2 Guidelines for Assessing Wireless Standards for Smart Grid Applications, 2011, Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communications study report, 2010, Enhancing smart grid with microgrids: Challenges and opportunities, Smart meter is the advanced new generation of meters, which measures real-time consumption of energy, records and storages this measurement at predefined time intervals. AMI system is a a platform that supports measurement, collection, and analysis of energy usage and communicates the same with the energy metering device [14]. Successfully tackling these challenges will enable organizations to clearly execute on their vision of developing a Real-Time Integration Architecture that will serve as a foundation for all SG & DR programs. As a result there may be about 100 last-gasp messages per day that require a business action like automated self-healing or a work order creation and crew-dispatch. 4. Fig. As a consequence of these new services offered by the utilities, customers can also benefit from the deployment of AMI platforms. The European Union (presently consisting of about 27+ countries) is also engaged in reforming the electrical energy industries of individual member countries and formed European Energy Union striving for secure, affordable, and climate friendly energy for all its member states. A phasor is a three-phase voltage or current quantity and could be also a phase angle. Meeting the domestic needs of smart meter production by 2025. Energy companies might consider the TPC-APP Benchmark as a way to measure their application performance. Detect communication failures, abnormal usage and reading status conditions through an extensive set of validation sets. Smart meter: Smart meter is the advanced new generation of meters, which measures real-time consumption of energy, records and storages this measurement at predefined time intervals. Neighborhood area networks (NANs): Neighborhood Area Network (NAN) is one important component of communication network infrastructure that connected to smart meter in customer domain and some field gateways in distribution domain [87]. It is necessary to bring several aspects such as AMI, meter data acquisition system, data concentrator units, meter data management system (MDMS), and many others are to be integrated on to a single platform. These systems include hardware, software, communications, consumer energy displays and controllers, customer associated systems, Meter Data Management (MDM) software, and supplier business systems [32]. The Power industry needs to take a careful, hard look at these indicators, do appropriate course correction and reconcile with the role that IT will play in Smart Grid and Demand Response programs. The basic block diagram of AMI is shown in Fig. The realization of smart grid is not without challenges. Presence among well-known manufacturers and achieving the first position of the region in domestic, competitive industrial products of smart grid equipment, especially smart meters, smart energy management systems (MDMS), building management systems (BMS), and grid monitoring, control and protection systems. India is fast progressing in developing smart grids to be integrated later into a giant smart network. Moreover, technical interfaces differ, ranging from modern, XML-based, interfaces to traditional batch-based file exchanges. (2011), a smart grid system has two types of information infrastructure; first, the information flows from sensors and electrical appliances to smart meters, which is achieved through Powerline Carrier (PLC) or wireless communications (Radio Frequency), such as ZigBee, 6LowPAN, Z-wave; secondly, it flows between SM and the utilitys data centers, which is achieved via internet-based solution. Three main benefits are expected from SM systems (Avancini et al., 2019): the availability of energy consumption information to users, which enables them to optimize their consumption, the ability to assess and control meters remotely, and the ability to reduce energy waste, since it can be automated to react to power shortages, failures, and excesses. Automatic meter infrastructure. Thus, the current tactical approach that served companies well in the past will not scale to support the larger vision of Smart Grid and Demand Response. Meter data management system (MDMS): A meter data management system (MDMS) is a system or an application which imports, verifies, edits and processes on the AMI data before making it available for billing an analysis [88]. Linking all of these systems can be quite complicated. Improve outage response with real-time intelligence, and deliver consistent and reliable energy across your distribution grid. The second is the smart meters, which are located basically in the consumer's periphery. IT as an afterthought especially around application integration continues to be the norm for a majority of Smart Grid pilots across North America. AMI consists of three components. IT has never had the motivation, the business drivers or the budget to develop a strategic architecture or develop a standardized approach to integration. Joud Al Dakheel, Fabrizio Leonforte, in Sustainable Cities and Society, 2020. How does P2P custom code become problematic as MDM products pave the way in many Smart Grid pilots? AMI technology made possible time of use pricing, demand response action, remotely we can connect or disconnect the load. AMI is a complicated communication network and information technology infrastructure, which includes meter data management system, revenue management and asset management. Time-synchronized stamped data obtained from voltage, current and phase angles plays the most vital function. AMI is a complicated communication network and information technology infrastructure, which includes, A survey of smart grid architectures, applications, benefits and standardization, Journal of Network and Computer Applications, To exchange information between the end users and the utilities AMI creates a two-way communication network comprised of advanced sensors, smart meters, monitoring systems, computer hardware, software, and data management systems. The challenge of application integration is increased by the diversity of the systems. There is a significant amount of literature available on AMI and AMR applications for SGs (Gungor et al., 2012; Paudyal et al., 2011; Sauter and Lobashov, 2011; Zaballos et al., 2011). Such data can also be used to improve customer service, lower cost of operation, increase grid reliability, and improve market operations. The utilities all around the world are turning towards AMI as a part of smart grid initiatives. Source: Chris King, MDM Implementation Course, October 2010. Provide the ability to calculate interval-based billing determinants, rate analytics, exception management and work management reporting. The first is the meter data management system (MDMS), which is present inside the utility data and control center.

Data Collected Per Hour = 1 MB x 60 x 60 = 3.6GB. Nazmus S. Nafi, Manoj Datta, in Journal of Network and Computer Applications, 2016. Padhy, in Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2016. The deployment of an advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) is one of the fundamental early steps to be taken in grid modernization, as it represents the direct inclusion of one of the main stakeholders of the electricity grid the consumers. Technology development of load management to reduce electricity cost and damage due to grid contingencies and improve grid radiance to supply sensitive consumers and export commitments. The European Standards Organization (ESO) is standardizing data communication interfaces, smart grid information security, dependability and functional safety, smart metering and a host of other aspects. 6 shows a detailed architecture for AMI that includes the use of a data collection unit. Copyright 2022 Elsevier B.V. or its licensors or contributors. Figure 11.4. Tony Giroti is the Chairman & CEO of BRIDGE Energy Group Inc. and has over 23 years of experience in managing information technology products, platforms and applications. Although it is recognized that deployments of most advanced AMI platforms in the European Nordic countries have been driven by regulatory factors, these deployments provide benefits to all parties involved, including the utilities, consumers, and society in general.

The ambitious objectives of Smart Grid, when combined with some early warning signs from those whove embarked on the journey, indicate that the role and complexity of IT is being grossly under-estimated, and that IT is going to play a more prominent, if not dominant, role in making Smart Grid a reality. Going forward, the status quo is not the recommended approach, due to the fact that when real SG & DR programs are launched, IT will have a transactional database requiring high throughput and large data volumes, as previously illustrated. There are several smart grid projects being pursued all over the world. AMI platforms also constitute a great opportunity for utilities to improve their relationship with their customers, as utilities are capable of invoicing them for their real electricity consumption every single invoicing period, avoiding intermediate estimated invoicing processes. Amplify and derivemore value from your investments by uncovering insights to drive critical decisions. That may work for low volume and low transaction pilots but will not scale to production quality volumes and bi-directional communication models as needed. TPC-C is a transaction processing benchmark that can be used to do performance related planning that might be required to manage the transaction load and throughput. Wireless technologies are critical elements of the Neighborhood Area Network (NAN), aggregating a mesh configuration of up to thousands of meters for back haul to the utilitys control center [3237]. The clocks used are required to be accurate to the extent of 500ns so that the desired 1s standard is reached. If any of the transactions is a last gasp, then such events will require tracking and action. Some are new, others old. A large volume of transactions will also need to be written into the database. The tools and infrastructure that are required to realize the Smart Grid architecture and vision will vary from project to project and may include: SOA toolset, development tools, configuration management tools, a source control tool, infrastructure for development, testing and production, etc. A meter data management system (MDMS) for smart utilities and cities around the globe with an enterprise-wide, highly-scalable MDMS architecture. This infrastructure will need to detect events just-in-time. MV-90 xi is a proven multi-vendor solution for the collection, management and analysis of interval, register, and event data from complex metering devices. Unfortunately, the power industry has traditionally been a laggard in adopting Information Technology (IT), either because of a lack of funding or the absence of business drivers mandating the development of a strategic IT architecture. The smart meters communicate these data to the utility companies for processing, analysis, and billing. The AMR system allows meters to be read by utility personnel over wireless links. In addition, reporting off of transactional systems may reduce application performance and impact other critical systems. AMR is certainly a helpful instrument in smart grid infrastructure, but AMI has the edge by enabling two-way communication that helps in the availability of real-time information [44]. They are also capable of offering new remote services to their customers, such as immediate remote electricity reconnection of customer sites, information and alarms about planned outages, etc., increasing customer satisfaction and fidelity. The R&D support to develop, create, and supply compatible equipment for successful operation is another challenge. The plan foresees 15% of the total energy produced to be available in the interconnected grid, so that other members of EU can import wherever and whenever necessary. Mr. Giroti is a certified information systems auditor (CISA) and has been granted four patents in the areas of SOA/XML/IT platforms. A Complex Event Processing infrastructure is required to detect system and business events. Various functionalities of smart meters include quantitative measurement, communication, control and calibration, power management, synchronization, and display. According to the Smart Grid Priority Action Plan 2 (PAP2) report, released by the U.S. NIST, meter density is 100, 800 and 2000 per square kilometer for rural, suburban and urban areas respectively (NIST Priority Action Plan 2 Guidelines for Assessing Wireless Standards for Smart Grid Applications, 2011).

Take the example of the popular approach of connecting MDM with CIS in a point-to-point manner. Figure1.6. With over 90 million records, the detection of a needle in a haystack must work day after day, month after month, with little to no room for error. Making the smart grid work requires different IT systems to talk to one another reliably and efficiently. Centralize data collection and distribution functions into a single repository to drive business operations and analytic outcomes. Utilize AMI data to extend and expand value to innovative use cases like distributed intelligence and smart city applications.

Thus the PMUs send information in several synchronous reports per second (2550 samples per second) depending on the frequency of the system and the application. Outcomes: Delivering Intelligence that Empowers, Itron Enterprise Edition Meter Data Management, Itron Recognized as a Leader for the Sixth Consecutive Time, 4 million kWh saved and $5 million customer bill credits per summer, Over $9.5 million in annual financial benefits. Instead an enterprise data warehouse should be developed that leverages data from the transactional system to do historic reporting, trend analysis, ad-hoc reporting, what-if analytics, better planning, and forecasting. For the utilities, the deployment of the AMI platform immediately allows them to move from a traditional manual reading process, which is less accurate and can be run only a few times a year because of its cost, to an automated reading process providing the utilities with reliable and accurate consumption data on a daily basis. With the help of this information available, both independent Energy producers and customers can be benefitted. Simplify implementation and reduce IT/maintenance costs by minimizing the number of maintained interfaces between collection and billing systems, and improve the interoperability of applications with centralized interfaces to AMI and back-office systems. Meter reading data can be used for verification applications such as outage extent verification, outage restoration verification, billing applications and event based alarm applications such as meter health status (e.g. In fact, most integration needs have historically been met tactically through a one-off and projectbased approach. Smart Grid Architecture, the P2P Antidote. Those services are later provided based on the arranged HAN. Pankaj Gupta, Ashwani Kumar, in Advances in Smart Grid Power System, 2021. MV-WEB is an online tool that provides your commercial and industrial customers secure and reliable access to their load profile data. Thus, for a large number of Smart Meters, providing network access within a short period of time is a crucial requirement of an AMR application (Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communications study report, 2010). In particular, between the energy consumer, meter operator, supplier of energy or utility and meter data management systems (Zivic, Ur-Rehman, & Ruland, 2016). Consumer can use such information to change their normal consumption pattern and they can schedule their load while the price of energy is low. Per the previous section, the transaction volume is equal to 1,111 tps. It is common practice to find utilities with basic VEE functionalities incorporated as part of their customer information system (CIS) or as part of the newly deployed MDC system. Advanced metering infrastructure. Compounding the issue, many of these interfaces are batch rather than real-time, with database links and proprietary code that is customized by writing more code within the application. According to (Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communications study report, 2010) in an event of widespread power outage affected smart meters need to send an alarm to the control center within a few hundred milliseconds. Smart metering systems are considered as the next-generation power measurement systems, which are a revolutionary version of existing electric grids [13]. The SMI consists of integration of smart meters, communication system, hardware and software that enables the measurement, gathering, storage, analysis, and usage of energy between smart meter and utility or between smart meter and customer [81]. by Tony Giroti, CEO, BRIDGE Energy Group, Inc. Southern California Edison, Pacific gas and Electric, and American Electrical power are some of the projects in the United States. Wide-area networks provide transparent links between the metering infrastructure installed on sites and the MDC system, being the infrastructure base of the set of machine-to-machine (M2M) services built on top of them. R. Bago, M. Campos, in Eco-Friendly Innovation in Electricity Transmission and Distribution Networks, 2015. Yeliz YoldaAhmet nenS.M. P.S.R. At a central control center, SCADA is provided. SM another important technological interface connected to the BEMS promotes communication between the smart grid and the buildings. However, for those willing to take the proactive road, success or failure could rely squarely on the approach to solving the core IT challenges. In AMI technology a network is formed between the measurement devices and utilities control center.