I can see how this would easily be stacked, without fear. *** stands for 1 per cent of significance, ** for 5 per cent and * for 10 per cent. All statistically significant estimates discussed below are also statistically significant when using the multiple adjusted p-values to determine significance. 
Kernel density estimates of the propensity scores for the electric-pump owners and counterfactual farmers confirm large overlapping support (Supplementary Appendix Figure A.2; Heckman et al., 1997). The wealth assets in this index include beds, chairs, tables, sofas, cupboards, wooden or steel boxes, radios, televisions, sewing machines, stoves, mobile phones, bicycles, motorcycles, solar panels, batteries, and water storage tanks. Case of deteriorating groundwater irrigation in Tamil Nadu, Can analytic narrative inform policy change? 2. This High Quality Water Pump Provides Constant Power With It's Long Running Motor. At the block level, the relaxation of the permit system and the hydrological conditions are not random. In doing so, they also irrigated their rice plots for a total of 39 more hours per acre than diesel-pump owners, and 27 more hours per acre than water buyers during the monsoon season. Your question might be answered by sellers, manufacturers, or customers who bought this product. Monsoon season rice yields of electric-pump owners were 127 kg per acre greater than that of diesel-pump owners, and their value added was INR 2,044 per acre greater (Table 4). Includes initial monthly payment and selected options. The quality of these shocked me! After viewing product detail pages, look here to find an easy way to navigate back to pages you are interested in. No matter if its for water irrigation, drainage, manure slurry, aquaculture or crop harvesting, MWI agriculture water pumps are built to handle demanding applications in the toughest conditions. In addition, beyond lower fuel costs, electric pumps have lower maintenance costs and are more efficient. In addition, electric pump owners also allocated more land to rice production, especially in the dry winter season; 25 percentage points more than diesel-pump owners, and 21 percentage points more than water buyers (Table 3). The effect of electric pump ownership on on-farm outcomes is likely to be confounded by two factors: (1) permits were relaxed in safe blocks, where agricultural outcomes and hydrological conditions could historically be different from those in semi-critical blocks, and (2) farmers who have better outcomes are also more likely to have electric pumps. The second factor is selection into pump ownership, where better off farmers those who are wealthier, have larger land holdings and are better socially and politically connected may be more likely to apply for electric pumps. Suitable Ideal For handling Clear Water Transfer In Long Lasting Projects. Similarly, blocks with post-monsoon groundwater-decline lower than 20 cm per year and within 10 percentage points of the 90 per cent SOD threshold were selected (i.e. Non-price measures to encourage reductions in power and groundwater use, such as compensation to farmers for every unit of electricity they save from an entitlement are being experimented with in Gujarat (Fishman, Lall, Modi, & Parekh, 2016). Reviewed in the United States on August 19, 2019.
It is likely that electric-pump owners used more water, but without information on volumes of water (there is no metering of water), it is not possible to confirm this. It probably wouldn't have mattered, but I am a perfectionist and carefully undid it to make it just right.). Evaluating the impact of Egyptian social fund for development programmes. Please make sure that you are posting in the form of a question. Top subscription boxes right to your door, 1996-2022, Amazon.com, Inc. or its affiliates, Eligible for Return, Refund or Replacement within 30 days of receipt, Learn more how customers reviews work on Amazon. This work was supported by the Consortium of International Agricultural Research Centers through the International Water Management Institute and the CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems, and the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research. We address this bias through our sampling strategy by selecting blocks that are just around the threshold that separates safe from semi-critical blocks. This design controls for block-level features that may drive differences in irrigated agricultural outcomes. To calculate the overall star rating and percentage breakdown by star, we dont use a simple average. This paper examines how access to electric pumps affects the short-run agricultural outcomes of owners, and of water buyers in West Bengal.
Logit model of electric-pump ownership. The color is deep and dark and without any blemish. Number of tubewells permanently electrified and yield of winter rice in West Bengal. Asurion will also email your plan confirmation with Terms & Conditions to the address associated with your Amazon account within 24 hours of purchase (if you do not see this email, please check your spam folder). Fight Dirty with SPX Pressure Washer Accessories, Draining above ground pool with sump pump - transfer pump, Reviewed in the United States on March 14, 2019. Effects of electric-pump ownership on water use, Table 6. I think I read one review were they said they assembled it in 10 minutes. Access to cheaper energy is likely to directly affect pump-owning farmers and their agricultural outcomes, but it may also benefit non-pump-owning farmers, who often purchase water from pump owners (Mukherji, 2007). For logistical reasons, information on inputs and output quantities and costs was only collected for the plot with the easiest access to irrigation. Would definitely recommend. Weights of 1 for electric pump owners and P(T =1 | X)/(1 P(T =1 | X)) for the control observations are used (Chen, Mu, & Ravallion, 2009; Hirano, Imbens, & Ridder, 2003). Moreover, our analysis suggests that in environments where agricultural growth has slowed and access to irrigation is a limiting factor, electric pumps can improve access to irrigation water for their owners and for smaller farmers who buy water from them.
Some of these items ship sooner than the others. During the winter season, electric-pump owners conducted 7.7 more irrigations on their rice plots and irrigated for 46 more hours per acre compared to the pooled group of diesel-pump owners and water buyers (Table 5). While 2012 was a year with a moderate deficit in monsoon rainfalls compared to the 19711990 mean, 2013 was a normal year (Kothawale & Rajeevan, 2017). Finally, those using fossil fuels provided information on their fuel sources and prices, and on their procurement practices.
The one-year recall covered three cropping seasons. I use it to store toiletries in a shared bathroom. It's been just the right size since it's a relatively small bathroom but can still hold quite a bit. Simply click User Guide for more info. I really wish this would have worked for my intended purpose because these are really nice. I was want expecting anything spectacular for thirty bucks but this cabinet does exactly what I need it to do. Unobserved heterogeneity was checked using the bounding approach (Rosenbaum, 2002; see Supplementary Appendix Table A.2), and the results suggest that for most of the outcome variables, the analysis is sensitive to the existence of unobservables (Abou-Ali, El-Azony, El-Laithy, Haughton, & Khandker, 2010; Duvendack & Palmer-Jones, 2011). There was an error retrieving your Wish Lists. West Bengal has three agricultural seasons (pre-monsoon, monsoon and winter), with the bulk of production taking place during the monsoon and winter seasons.
This calculation does not account for the additional income electric pump owners received from water selling (~INR 12,000 more as compared to diesel-pump owners). I wasn't surprised by the size because I did this thing called reading the description and I own a tape measure. I included photos of how much I can store in it. Note: Standard errors in parentheses. While groundwater use likely needs to increase in West Bengal, its abstraction needs to be rationalised in the western parts of India where groundwater levels are rapidly falling. The instructions are very clear and easy to understand.
A census of pump owners was conducted in each selected village to classify them as electric or diesel pump owners. The Government of India uses two criteria to categorise administrative blocks as safe, semi-critical, and critical in terms of groundwater: (a) the stage of groundwater development (SOD)4; and (b) long-term change in pre-monsoon and post-monsoon groundwater levels.5 At the time of the survey, the categorisation for West Bengal was based on data collected in 2009, before the policy change. Farmers with better outcomes may be more likely to acquire electric pumps, biasing the observed relationship between electric-pump ownership and these outcomes. We examine this question in a context where surface irrigation schemes are limited, electric pump use was historically restricted by permits for connections and high fixed installation and grid-connection costs, and where a policy change was implemented in 2012 to ease permit requirements and to lower fixed costs without subsidising electricity. 1/2HP Clear Water PumpSpecification1/2 HP Clear Water Fluid PumpPerfect for water chemical or fluid transfer on the farm at home or for construction use. My favorite thing is that it is sturdy. Please try again. We address the former using a purposeful sampling strategy, and the latter using a propensity-score matching approach. It also doesnt look cheap. I put it together in 30 minutes without issue and I am not handy!
Enter the model, or item number below to search for a specific product. Look, this is not something a high end furniture store is going to sell. Average land and plot characteristics. Table 7. Franklin's agriculture pumping system provide stability to increase output, better predict crop yields and keep your animals strong and hydrated. Internet Minimum Advertised Price (iMAP) Policy, Trminos, Condiciones y Garanta Estndar, Homeowners Find a Water Well Professional, Discover our portfolio of pumping systems, Learn more and find locations in your region, 5-9" STS Series Submersible Turbine Pumps, 5-42" FVT Series Vertical Lineshaft Turbine, 8-30" FAF Series Axial Flow Vertical Turbine, 8-30" FMF Series Mixed Flow Vertical Turbine, FE Connect for SubDrive & SubMonitor Connect. Electric-pump owners irrigated their rice plots more frequently and for longer durations than both diesel-pump owners and water buyers. The following observable household/farm characteristics were included as predictors: the area of land cultivated; a productive asset index constructed using principal component analysis6; the proportion of household members involved in agriculture; information on the household head (age, education, religion, and caste) and on the number of household members; a wealth asset index constructed using principal component analysis7; an indicator of whether the household has any off-farm sources of income; village level pre- and post-monsoon groundwater depth; status as a semi-critical block (vs. being a safe block); presence of electricity connections for domestic purposes; the difference between the blocks actual SOD measured in 2009 and the 90 per cent SOD threshold; and the difference between the 20 cm threshold in the decline in groundwater depth and the blocks actual pre- and post-monsoon measured declines, respectively. The number of clients served by electric-pump owners was greater than those served by diesel-pump owners, but there was only a small difference in total irrigated areas, suggesting that electric-pump owners sell water to farmers with smaller land holdings. Water sellers provided information on their services and on the contractual arrangements they made for each of the irrigated crops. Hydraflo Hydraulically-Driven Submersible Pump, Lineshaft Axial & Mixed-Flow Propeller Pump, Solarpedalflo Non-Electrical Potable Pump, Duraflo Submersible Hydraulic Trash Pump, Primerite Automatic Dry Self-Priming Trash Pump, Silent Partner Sound Attenuation, Quiet Pack Enclosure, Double Diaphragm Wellpoint & Dewatering Trash Pump, Hydraflo HNC High-Head Hydraulic Non-Clog Pump, Industrial Water Pump Accessories & Replacement Parts, Hurricane Preparation & Emergency Response, Custom designed, rugged large-volume water pumps built for your needs, Drive options for axial and mixed flow propeller pumps (diesel, electric, hydraulic, direct drive, right angle gear drive, belt and pulley), Proven time and cost-effective designs and implementation, Emergency maintenance, repair and rehabilitation, Weld together one-piece construction, jointed, cast, or other style and material of construction available. Control variables are included in the weighted OLS regressions but results are omitted here. I really dont think I could have done any better for the price. Groundwater irrigation, growth of agricultural production, and poverty in Bangladesh, Impact of irrigation on food security in Bangladesh for the past three decades, The effects of energy prices on agricultural groundwater extraction from the high plains aquifer, The central role of the propensity score in observational studies for causal effects, Constructing a control group using multivariate matched sampling methods that incorporate the propensity score, External validity in a stochastic world: Evidence from low-income countries, Groundwater irrigation and farm power policies in Punjab and West Bengal: Challenges and opportunities, Farm power policies and groundwater markets contrasting Gujarat with West Bengal (19902015). How does access to a less expensive energy technology for water lifting affect agricultural outcomes in West Bengal? 
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