luria neuropsychological model

2022.07.31
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luria neuropsychological model

A Manual of Standardized Terminology, Techniques and Scoring System for Sleep Stages of Human Subjects. However, there are psychological processes that have received little attention in this field, such as dreaming. All this intense psychophysiological activity is accompanied by muscle atonia (Berger, 1961), the function of which, some authors have mentioned, is to avoid the translation of the dream into action (Fisher, 1973).

The British Journal of Psychiatry, 143(3), 221-231. doi: 10.1192/bjp.142.3.221, LaBerge, S. (1990). Frontal lobe function in temporal lobe epilepsy. As a consequence of the activation of Unit 1, Unit 2 is stimulated, generating activation in visual, perceptive-imaginative, auditory, linguistic, spatial, and tactile functions. (1996) found a decrease in the activity of the frontal lobes and an increase in the amygdaloid complex.

(2010).

That being said, it can be expected that, upon the activation of Unit L and a simultaneous decrease in the functioning of the prefrontal lobe during wakefulness, any person could behave in an uninhibited, impulsive or aggressive way, with difficulties in planning and self-regulation. Some data indicate that the prefrontal lobe does not reach maturity until between the ages of 10 to 12 years (Welsh & Pennington, 1988). (1995).

Maquet, P., Pters, J. M., Aerts, J., Delfiore, G., Degueldre, C., Luxen, A., & Franck, G. (1996). Dresler et al.

Colace, C., Salotti, P., & Ferreira, M. (2015). afasias luria able As has been previously mentioned, dreaming is a psychophysiological process as active as wakefulness; however, little is known about the neuropsychological systems involved. This pattern of brain activity explains the recovery of the executive metacognitive abilities and voluntary control that characterizes lucid dreaming (Dresler et al., 2012; Noreika, Windt, Lenggenhager, & Karim, 2010). Localized and lateralized cerebral glucose metabolism associated with eye movements during REM sleep and wakefulness: a positron emission tomography (PET) study. This researcher proposes this theory in light of the observation that the selective deprivation of REM sleep in animals produces increases in aggressive, sexual, and food-seeking behaviors. In: R. Drucker-Coln, M. Shkurovich, & M. B. Sterman (Eds. Other areas that are activated are the prefrontal medial region and the part that corresponds to the anterior region of the cingulate gyrus (Braun et al., 1997; Buchsbaum et al., 1989). doi: 10.5665/sleep.1974, Dresler, M., Wehrle, R., Spoormarker, V. I., Steiger, A., Holsboer, F., Czisch, M., & Hobson, J.

Pea-Casanova, J., Roig-Rovira, T., Bermudez, A., & Tolosa-Sarro, E. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 165(8), 969977. This disorder is named REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) and is characterized by the absence of the muscle paralysis which is customary during this stage of sleep, as a result of neurological related disorders.

Hobson and Stickgold (1995) found that during REM sleep, activation of the brainstem starts in the cholinergic system on a pontine level. neuropsychological

doi: 10.1016/S0278-2626(03)00037-X, Cummings, J. L. (1995). (1987).

Dream recall in brain-damaged patients: A contribution to the neuropsychology of dreaming through a review of the literature. (1998). The Psychologist, 13(12), 618-619. Mxico: La Prensa Mdica Mexicana. In I. Karacan (Ed.). Seminars in Neurology, 25(1), 117129.

Sleep imaging and the neuro-psychological assessment of dreams. B) The Second Unit is formed by the parietal, occipital, and temporal lobes, and is responsible for obtaining, processing, integrating, and storing sensory information from the environment. Reduction of dream bizarreness in impaired frontal cortex activity: A case report. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 362, 671 678. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2006.2003, Gershon, E. S., & Rieder, R. O. Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder. (1998). Foulkes, D. (1982). Studies with PET have found that the visual and auditory secondary areas are especially metabolically active during REM sleep, even above levels found in wakefulness (Braun et al., 1997; Madsen, 1993).

Frith, C. D. (2007).

Tidsskrift for den Norske laegeforening: tidsskrift for praktisk medicin, ny raekke, 129(17), 1758-1761. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.08.0465. In J. S. Antrobus, & M. Bertini. ), The Neuropsychology of Sleep and Dreaming (pp. This Unit is responsible for emotional responses and the consolidation of the memory (Tllez et al., 2002). JAMA, 257(13), 17861789. During this phase, there is also an increase of electroencephalographic (Rechtschaffen & Kales, 1968) and cerebral metabolic activity, which is equal to or greater than that activity during wakefulness (Braun et al., 1997; Madsen, 1993; Maquet et al., 1996; Sakai, Meyer, Karacan, Derman, & Yamamoto, 1980). It can be said that dreaming is a state similar to a schizophrenic or frontal lobe syndrome, but temporary, normal, and healthy, so that the next day, the brain can carry out its homeostatic function, and promote optimal functioning of the dorsolateral and orbital region of the frontal lobe during wakefulness. This phenomenon has been called oneiric behavior (Jouvet et al., 1981). (2005). Since then, we have learned that human sleep is made up of two phases: REM sleep, which is generally associated with dreaming, and non-REM sleep, or sleeping without rapid eye movement, from which very few dreams are recalled. doi: 10.1002/ ana.410070514, Schenck, C. H., Bundlie, S. R., Patterson, A. L., & Mahowald, M. W. If, after this, we assume that reality training is a complex form of mental activity, the next questions would be: Which particular brain systems are involved in this process?

(1989).

doi: 10.1001/ archpsyc.1980.01780160017001, Wagner, A. D., Schacter, D. L., Rotte, M., Koutstaal, W., Maril, A., Dale, A. M., Rosen, B. R., & Buckner, R. L. (1998). New Jersey: Psychology Press. 233250).

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New York: Academic Press. This has been confirmed by experimental studies in animals and humans. The frontal lobe can be divided into two regions: the motor region (Brodmann areas 4, 6, and 8) and the non-motor region, or prefrontal lobe (Areas 9, 10, 11, 44, 45, 46, and 47). El Cerebro Ejecutivo: Los Lbulos Frontales y la Mente Civilizada. Cortex, 17(4), 603-609. doi: 10.1016/S0010-9452(81)80066-4, Koukkou, M., & Lehmann, D. (1983). The conscious state paradigm: a neurocognitive approach to waking, sleeping, and dreaming. Espaa: Siglo Veintiuno de Espaa.

The similarity between dreaming, frontal lobe syndrome and schizophrenia are stressed, especially in terms of the confabulations, the lack of impulse control, and the lack of self-direction and monitoring that occurs in these disorders.

Epstein, A. W. (1984).

Scientific American, 267(5), 126-133. doi: 10.1038/scientificamerican0992-126, Gibbs, W. W. Arthur W. Epstein (1984) says that dream formation involves a complex psychological activity that integrates memory, language, and thinking itself . Annals of Neurology, 7(5), 471478. (1985) reported a case of a patient with a lesion in the left temporo-occipital region due to a cerebrovascular accident. The prefrontal cortex in sleep. neuropsychology It has been proven through PET and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) that during dreaming, there is an activation of the primary and supplementary motor areas, such as the frontal ocular area (Brodmanns area 8), which is activated by Unit1 and then collaborates in producing the rapid eye movements of REM sleep (Hong et al., 1995). Stretton, J., & Thompson, P. J.

Freudian dream theory today. The study also suggests that the confabulatory, bizarre, and impulsive nature of dreaming has a function in the cognitiveemotional homeostasis that aids proper brain function throughout the day. Grnli, J., & Ursin, R. (2009). Traditionally, neuropsychology has focused on identifying the brain mechanisms of specific psychological processes, such as attention, motor skills, perception, memory, language, and consciousness, as well as their corresponding disorders. Neuroimaging and sleep medicine.

However, there are psychological processes that have received little attention in this field; among them is the process of dreaming. During wakefulness, complex information processing is promoted by these regions, but they are not active during non-lucid dreaming. Nature, 437(7063), 12201222.

It also includes vital cognitive functions such as sustained attention, awareness, and insight (Luria, 1974; Cummings, 1995; Stretton, & Thompson, 2012). In J. S. Antrobus, &. Limbic system function and dream content in university students. The findings cited above allow us to suggest that the nature of the oneiric content during dreaming is caused by the simultaneous inhibition of (1) the prefrontal lobe in the dorsolateral region the region that is in charge of the executive functions.

Sleep Medicine Reviews, 9(3), 157172.

Studies with positron emission computerized tomography (PET) have confirmed an increase in the brainstems metabolism (Braun et al., 1997), which generates electroencephalographic and metabolic activation, as well as stimulates of the posterior cortical and subcortical areas, especially the limbic-emotional system. 109126). Developmental Neuropsychology, 4(3), 199230. Epilepsy Research, 98(1), 113. On the contrary, experiments with cats that had the coeruleus alfa nucleus damaged the nucleus which seems to be responsible for the motor paralysis during REM sleep have caused these animals to translate their dreams into behavior, which is generally manifested in rapid behavioral sequences of, for instance, attack, rage, and grooming. (1992) found that frontal lesions do not affect dreaming, and some patients with frontal damage show an increased frequency of nightmares (Colace1, Salotti, & Ferreira, 2015), indirectly confirming the previously mentioned PET findings. During REM sleep, there is an activation of the First Unit similar to what occurs in the state of wakefulness, which manifests itself with an increase of the electroencephalographic and metabolic activity in most regions of the brain. How can it be proven that the hypo-functioning of the prefrontal lobe and the limbic hyper-functioning during dreaming fulfill a homeostatic need for good psychological functioning during wakefulness? A motivational function of REM sleep. Barcelona: Fontanella. Tsvetkova, L. S. (1996). These structures have a connection with Unit L. Moreover, the dorsolateral region of the prefrontal lobe (Brodmanns areas 9, 10, 45, 46, 47) and the orbital frontal region (Brodmanns areas 11 and 12) show an inhibition during dreaming. ), Functions of Sleep (pp. To present our proposal about the generation and bizarre content of dreaming, we took as a general framework Lurias Three Functional Units Model (Luria, 1974), which attempts to explain the neuropsychological functioning of human beings during wakefulness. State of the Art, 2008 - 2022.

It has been shown that lucid dreams are characterized by being able to freely remember the circumstances of waking life, to think clearly, and to act deliberately upon reflection, all while experiencing a dream world that seems vividly real (LaBerge, 1990).

This finding also favors the hypothesis that frontal hypo-activity and limbic hyperactivity during REM sleep is really homeostatic, meaning that an increase in emotional and motivational activity works as an escape valve during the night without the logical, reasoned, and regulating activity of the prefrontal lobe, and that during the day, the limbic activity decreases, and the dorsolateral and orbital activity of the prefrontal lobe increases. Sleep, 35(7), 10171020.