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Previous designs lacked the power to perform in a terrestrial environment while other designs failed to produce the desired accelerations or frequency range for spaceflight applications. The thinness and strength of the nanolaminate are what make it possible to use distributed gpiston h-type actuators for surface figure control with minimal local concentrated distortion (called print-through in the art) at the actuation points. The results also suggest that an actuator with a larger spreading angle placed closer to the location where the flow separates provides better performance. Separate actuators and sensors are often combined into one composite device when proprioception (self-sensing) is required. By using templates, microchannel structures are replicated onto the surface of two highly elastic polymers, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and polyvinyl alcohol, to induce chiral coiling upon exposure to acetone vapors. A flight control actuation system comprises a controller, electromechanical actuator and a pneumatic actuator. Finally, bipolar field testing was conducted on the POP BT based actuator. ; supervision, A.K. When the actuator area shrinks to infinitesimal, the expressions of microscopic local modal control force and its two components are obtained to predict the spatial microscopic actuation behavior of the mirror. The tools described herein use MSCMASTRAN to model the structure with piezoelectric actuators and a thermally induced strain to model straining of the actuators due to an applied voltage field. The jet velocity and mass flow rate for the present invention will be several times higher than conventional piezoelectric synthetic jet actuators. This assures the turning of the control shaft to a full-off position. Like an ordinary bending actuator, an actuator according to the proposal would include a thin rectangular strip that would comprise two bonded layers (possibly made of electroactive polymers with surface electrodes) and would be clamped at one end in the manner of a cantilever beam. Making use of this, we have been able to demonstrate large area devices and complex patterns on the passive top layer for the surface texture change on-demand applications. The presented extensive investigation of mechanical performance for soft actuators with varying geometric parameters demonstrates the practical application of the design tool, and the robustness of the actuator hardware design, towards diverse soft robotic systems for a wide set of assistive wearable technologies, including replicating the motion of several parts of the human body. [fuel control valves on jet engines. The feasibility of the constructed smart glove is verified through basic performance evaluation. Automated manufacturing process for DEAP stack-actuators, Tepel, Dominik; Hoffstadt, Thorben; Maas, Jrgen. We have also been able to demonstrate on-demand microfluidic channels and micro-chambers without the need of actually fabricating the channels; which is a cost incurring and cumbersome process. This actuator can deliver a bi-directional output torque, variable stiffness and reduced friction. These features lead to the improvement in the manipulability and portability of the smart glove. The torsion spring has a spring input that is rotatably connected to an output of the gear drive and a spring output that is connected to an output for the joint. Particular emphasis is placed on the actuators which are necessary for operating the IPS. The proposed system proved to be adequate for monitoring purpose of TIC and NH due to its high sample throughput and repeatability. Furthermore, the actuator can not only work in harsh temperature environments (100C and -10C) but also realize the goal of grabbing an object by adjusting the applied voltage. The evolution of the actuation properties as the strain and the output force have been characterized as well. The linear proof mass actuator (LPMA) was designed to attach to both a large space structure and a ground test model without modification. Depending on the mechanical setup, stack and roll actuators can be realized. Linear actuation using milligram quantities of CL-20 and TAGDNAT. The present invention provides robotic vehicles having wheeled and hopping mobilities that are capable of traversing (e.g. EMIBF4 is the most suitable IL for our CNT actuator including PANI in the electrode layer. No. The linear implementation of the actuator incorporates a set of springs and mechanical hard-stops for resetting and fault tolerance to mechanical resistance. In this study, we prepared prototypes of these actuators and clarify their characteristic. Lee, Abraham P.; Northrup, M. Allen; Ciarlo, Dino R.; Krulevitch, Peter A.; Benett, William J. Microfabricated therapeutic actuators are fabricated using a shape memory polymer (SMP), a polyurethane-based material that undergoes a phase transformation at a specified temperature (Tg). The drive electronics are based on the pulse population modulation concept and operate at a nominal frequency of 40 kHz. Due to the lumped element modeling approach, the proposed model can also be adapted to alternative actuator configurations, and thus presents a useful tool for design, control and simulation of novel MPC applications. The 3D pore-interconnected G-PPy pillar exhibits strong actuation responses superior to pure graphene and PPy film. The torque output of the actuator is proportional to the magnitude of the pressure applied. The pump chamber would be a cylinder containing encapsulated wax pellets and containing radial fins to facilitate transfer of heat to and from the wax. We experimentally verify our modeling approach, and finally we demonstrate how the strategy works, by designing actuators that replicate the motion of the index finger and thumb. We also demonstrate the application of this actuator as intelligent mechanical devices. This document develops and describes an analytical model the transduction properties of THUNDER actuators. Microengineering of magnetic bearings and actuators. The actuator has the flexibility of being designed for both linear and rotary motion. Tap water is used for both the liquid in the storage chamber and the test fluid. However, the goal of this work is to compare different jet designs and evaluate their performance. MRE experiments with respect to gel phantoms, brain, and liver showed that the actuator could produce stable and consistent mechanical waves. Additionally, a truss structure is provided to support the moveable electrostatic combs and prevent bending or distortion of these combs due to unbalanced electrostatic forces or external loading. The micropump uses a piezoelectric vibrator to provide its driving force, and fluid is delivered by driving the liquid to amplify the displacement of the piezoelectric vibrator. The proposed joint achieved coordinated motion of multiple actuators. The truss structure formed about the moveable electrostatic combs allows the spacing between the interdigitated fingers of the combs to be reduced to about one micron or less, thereby substantially increasing the number of active fingers which can be provided in a given area. Electromechanical Actuator Performance of Carbon Nanotube Fibers. Applications of Magpol can include artificial muscles, drug delivery, adaptive optics and self healing structures. This work helped to properly identify various aspects of the genetic algorithm operators and parameters that allow for placement of discrete control actuators/effectors. The concept of microwave-driven smart actuators is envisioned as the best option to alleviate the complexity associated with hard-wiring. Feng, Yuan; Zhu, Mo; Qiu, Suhao; Shen, Ping; Ma, Shengyuan; Zhao, Xuefeng; Hu, Chun-Hong; Guo, Liang. The focus of the work presented here is to compare the properties of several fine grain and conventional actuators provided by TRS Ceramics. The actuator remains in a latched state/shape after the electrical field is no longer present. However, by simply changing the considered fluid from air to water, the two physical domains become strongly coupled, and the Gauss-Seidel method fails to converge in this case. The actuator is unique in that it is simple, portable, and capable of brain, abdomen, and phantom imagings. The developed simulation tool is used for the preliminary design of Knudsen micropumps consisting of a sequence of curved and straight channels. Based on the FEM results, the first generation diaphragm actuator system was assembled and its static and dynamic performance was experimentally evaluated. The produced output force is substantially independent of load motion. These insights can be used to guide actuator design, thus accelerating the design process. The maximum strain of the composite showed an exponential dependence on the Ms. The magnetic platform presents an excellent method for actuation of biological systems due to its ability to directly control the motion of an array of micro and nanostructures in real-time with calibrated picoNewton forces. GRANT NUMBER Energy Storage for Electric Actuators NOOO 14-08-1-0424 5c. Chen, Meiling; Frueh, Johannes; Wang, Daolin; Lin, Xiankun; Xie, Hui; He, Qiang. Further, the frame can include a plurality of configurations, for example, at least a rigid members coupled to a flexible member wherein the frame provides an elastic restoring force. In this study, sets of commercial PZT stacks were tested in various AC and DC conditions at both nominal and extreme temperatures and voltages. In recent years, multiple research efforts have increased our understanding of the actuation fatigue process of SMAs. Such powerful yarn actuators can also be operated in a vacuum, enabling their potential use for deploying heavy loads in outer space, such as to unfold solar panels and solar sails. Typically, the material changes shape by elongating in the axial direction and constricting in the radial direction, resulting in no net change in volume. This enables the possibility of such actuators to manipulate a, living cell on an intracellular level. An analysis conducted using the NASA/FLAGRO fracture mechanics computer program indicated that the actuator bracket might be a fracture critical component. To demonstrate an application of our triple-state actuator, we have developed a self-folding transformer robot which self-folds from a two-dimensional sheet into a three-dimensional boat-like configuration and transforms from the boat shape to a car shape with the increase in the temperature applied to the actuator. The actuator has the flexibility of being designed for both linear and rotary motion. These applications range from single molecule experiments to cell isolation and separation, to drug delivery and nanomachine manipulation. Active Damping Using Distributed Anisotropic Actuators. The samples were mineralized using an ashing procedure at 550 C followed by dissolution of the residue. This allows the length of the return spring to be reduced due to the minimization of displacement thereby reducing the weight of the return spring system. Under processing developed independently, researchers were able to verify torques of 84 in.-lb (approximately equal to 9.5 Nm) using an actuator weighing 1.3 oz (approximately equal to 37 g) with very fast (less than 1/16th of a second) initial response times when hot and cold fluids were used to facilitate heat transfer. Architecture for distributed actuation and sensing using smart piezoelectric elements. It combines the advantages of two-layer and three-layer repulsive actuators, i.e., fabrication requirements and fill factor. The cylinders are composed of flexible bags with different diameters. This torsional actuator uses an even number of alternately poled segments of electroactive PZT. The system was designed to demonstrate the capability of large, high power linear ELA's for applications such as Thrust Vector Control (TVC) on rocket engines. Helical shapes are ubiquitous in both nature and engineering. (Inventor); Pearson, David D. (Inventor); Dreitlein, Kenneth C. (Inventor); Loffredo, Constantino V. (Inventor).

The actuator has a steady state force output of approximately 2.75 N from approximately 2 Hz to well beyond 1000 Hz. In this article, we present a nonlinear mathematical model of a conductive supercoiled polymer (SCP) actuator driven by Joule heating for model-based feedback controls. This information, in turn, points to the physical processes taking place within the electrodes as well as membrane of the trilayer laminate of sub-millimeter thickness. Note: A novel rotary actuator driven by only one piezoelectric actuator. In this paper, the systematic development of an electro-optically actuated zoom-lens will be discussed. Tetherless thermobiochemically actuated microgrippers. An application example was used to demonstrate the effectiveness and potential of this new MR actuator based interface. Quantitative measurements of isotonic length changes and isometric stress generation during electrochemical stimulation are reported. The energy landscape of two ferromagnetic thin film patterns (disks and zigzag wires) is experimentally explored and compared to corresponding theoretical models to quantify the applied forces and trajectories of superparamagnetic beads due to the magnetic traps. The finite element analysis was used to estimate the frequency response of the composite membrane which will be driven close to its resonance to obtain a large stroke. Most of these robots are designed with conventional electromagnetic motors. Parameters design of the dielectric elastomer spring-roll bending actuator (Conference Presentation), Li, Jinrong; Liu, Liwu; Liu, Yanju; Leng, Jinsong. The paper outlines techniques to define the optimal location of actuators to excite particular modes of vibration whilst the blade is rotating. Selection of the optimum actuator configuration is discussed for specific application which require a tradeoff study that considers all the relevant factors: available energy sources, load capacity, stroke, speed of response, leakage limitations, environmental conditions, chemical compatibility, storage life and conditions, size, weight, and cost.

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