Pharmacology & Physiology in Ane

2022.07.31
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Pharmacology & Physiology in Ane

Pharmacology & Physiology in Anesthetic Practice; Jensdottir T, Arnadottir IB, Thorsdottir I, Bardow A, Gudmundsson K, et al. The aim of this study was to quantify the buffer attributes (value, power, range and optimum) of two model systems for whole human resting saliva, the purified proteins from whole human resting saliva and single proteins.

Amyloglucosidase, lysozyme hydrogencarbonate and di-hydrogenphosphate solution: 0.01 g (0.1%, 10 M) amyloglucosidase and 0.05 g (0.5%, 340 M) lysozyme were dissolved in 10 ml of a solution containing 0.68 g (5 mM) KH2PO4 and 0.84 g (10 mM) NaHCO3 per 1000 ml deionised water. composition There were two discrete buffer optima within the buffer range between pH 3.4 to 7.5. Conversely, lowering the CO2 tension results in a reversal of this process with consequent diminution of plasma [HCO3]although the situation does not arise under physiological conditions, only in the presence of red cells does the total CO2 content of plasma fall to zero at a dCO2 of zero mm. Hirtz C, Chevalier F, Centeno D, Rofidal V, Egea JC, et al. Panel A: Titration curves with 150 pH measurements per curve of (a) human saliva, (b) 10 M (0.1%) amyloglucosidase, 340 M (0.5%) lysozyme, 10 mM hydrogencarbonate and 5 mM di-hydrogenphosphate (model system I) and (c) 10 M (0.1%) amyloglucosidase, 40 M (0.2%) -amylase, 10 mM hydrogencarbonate and 5 mM di-hydrogenphosphate (model system II). info ligand protein Human resting whole saliva (Fig. 1,b) was found to have a buffer power of 74 mol (H+) and 8 mol (OH). The higher the buffer capacity of the treated water, the more efficient its purification with a hydrolyzing coagulant. The buffer efficiency of HCO37H2CO3 is further enhanced by the presence of erythrocytes As CO2 diffuses into cells, the H2CO3 reacts with Hb forming HCO3, which then enters the plasma in exchange for CP. Titration curves with 80 pH measurements per curve of amyloglucosidase in concentrations (a) 10 M (0.1%), (b) 20 M (0.2%) and (c) 50 M and -amylase in concentrations (d) 20 M (0.1%), (e) 40 M (0.2%) and (f) 100 M (0.5%). The site is secure. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". This is not contingent upon deoxygenation of Hb, but is achieved more readily and with even less pH change when deoxygenation occurs simultaneously. As the buffer characteristics of saliva can influence the erosion process [3], the aim of the present study was to quantify the buffer characteristics of a model system for salivary protein buffering and proteins prepared from whole saliva. An analysis of the buffer systems in saliva. The buffer system of plasma can withstand the addition of 16 meq of acid or 29 meq of alkali per litre and still maintain the pH within the range compatible with life. Comparative proteomic analysis of human whole saliva. The buffer capacity and buffer systems of human whole saliva measured without loss of CO2.

Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. Moreover, this approach was feasible as the buffer function of a protein is dependent on its isoelectric point but independent from its catalytic properties or the species where it originates from. The 50 kDa protein band was subjected to protein identification which was performed by mass spectrometry and peptide mass fingerprinting (results not shown). and transmitted securely. xb```b``e`e``ndd@ A6v@N"b1;ef=f^vpe#. At a urinary pH of 5.8 , ten parts of phosphate are in the acidic form and one part in the basic form (5.8 = 6.8 + 1), for each phosphate ion excreted as H2PO4 one Na+ ion is saved and one H+ ion is excreted. Electrophoretic separation (SDS Page) was performed on a Mini-PROTEAN 3 cell (BioRad, Rheinach, Switzerland) using a 17.5% polyacrylamide gel as previously described [36]. Prior to saliva collection, the procedures were explained to the patients and an informed consent was taken from each of them. Draw a neatly labeled diagram of chloroplast found in leaf, and its role in photosynthesis? 0.01, 0.02 or 0.05 g amyloglucosidase were dissolved in 10 ml deionized water. Unlike the [HCO3] the [H2CO3] is determined solely by the partial pressure of CO2 in the alveolar air in equilbrium with extracellular fluid. will also be available for a limited time. MS characterization of multiple forms of alpha-amylase in human saliva. This is possible because there is sufficient Hb in whole blood to permit the following series of reactions: The normal value of 20: 1 of the ratio of HCO3 /H2CO3 is also maintained through respiratory regulation of the pH of extracellular fluid. : How to Move Forward When We're Divided (About Basically Everything), Already Enough: A Path to Self-Acceptance, Full Out: Lessons in Life and Leadership from America's Favorite Coach, How to Be Perfect: The Correct Answer to Every Moral Question, Girl, Wash Your Face: Stop Believing the Lies About Who You Are so You Can Become Who You Were Meant to Be, Uninvited: Living Loved When You Feel Less Than, Left Out, and Lonely, Never Split the Difference: Negotiating As If Your Life Depended On It, Boundaries Updated and Expanded Edition: When to Say Yes, How to Say No To Take Control of Your Life, The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People Personal Workbook, Less Fret, More Faith: An 11-Week Action Plan to Overcome Anxiety, The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People: Powerful Lessons in Personal Change: 25th Anniversary Infographics Edition, Girl, Stop Apologizing: A Shame-Free Plan for Embracing and Achieving Your Goals, The Power of Now: A Guide to Spiritual Enlightenment, Plays Well with Others: The Surprising Science Behind Why Everything You Know About Relationships is (Mostly) Wrong, Momentum: Setting Goals with Clarity, Intention, and Action, Ahead of the Curve: Using Consumer Psychology to Meet Your Business Goals, Be the Love: Seven Ways to Unlock Your Heart and Manifest Happiness, Do Hard Things: Why We Get Resilience Wrong and the Surprising Science of Real Toughness, How to Transform a Broken Heart: A Survival Guide for Breakups, Complicated Relationships, and Other Losses, Golden: The Power of Silence in a World of Noise, Stimulus Wreck: Rebuilding After a Financial Disaster, Endure: How to Work Hard, Outlast, and Keep Hammering, Courage and Crucibles: Leadership in Challenging Times, Speak: Find Your Voice, Trust Your Gut, and Get From Where You Are to Where You Want To Be, Life Lessons Harry Potter Taught Me: Discover the Magic of Friendship, Family, Courage, and Love in Your Life, The Expectation Effect: How Your Mindset Can Change Your World, Dad on Pills: Fatherhood and Mental Illness, The Mom Friend Guide to Everyday Safety and Security: Tips from the Practical One in Your Squad. Therefore, these findings were concluded as the evidence of the contribution of proteins to a larger fraction of the buffer value at pH 6.5 than hitherto assumed. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". A solution of 10 mM hydrogencarbonate plus 5 mM di-hydrogenphosphate (Fig. A solution of 50 M (0.5%) -amylase (Fig.

Finally, buffering in saliva is likely to occur from proteins as in the rest of the human body where proteins are the most potent buffer substances [40]. 0000007640 00000 n 0000008870 00000 n The experimentally measured values were compared to those that were calculated. A solution of 20 M (0.2%) -amylase in water (Fig. Before Nunn JH, Gordon PH, Morris AJ, Pine CM, Walker A. The new PMC design is here! Blockchain + AI + Crypto Economics Are We Creating a Code Tsunami? 0000003047 00000 n (With Methods)| Industrial Microbiology, How is Cheese Made Step by Step: Principles, Production and Process, Enzyme Production and Purification: Extraction & Separation Methods | Industrial Microbiology, Fermentation of Olives: Process, Control, Problems, Abnormalities and Developments. The most important examples of biological buffer systems are as follows: The major buffer of extracellular fluid is the HCO3/ H2CO3) system. This method of determining blood pH (true plasma pH) was used before the advent of commercial pH meters. The calculated buffer power is indicated in mol per 10 ml of the analytes, in the internal scale. Therefore, the pH of blood is always maintained at 7.4. (b) 10 M (0.1%) amyloglucosidase, 340 M (0.5%) lysozyme, 10 mM hydrogencarbonate and 5 mM di-hydrogenphosphate, (c) 10 M (0.1%) amyloglucosidase, 40 M (0.2%) -amylase, 10 mM hydrogencarbonate and 5 mM di-hydrogenphosphate (model system II). 0000005269 00000 n The remaining 25% derived from amyloglucosidase and lysozyme. 0000061592 00000 n Oxyhaemoglobin dissociates more completely than does reduced haemoglobin. Model system I, a solution of 10 M (0.1%) amyloglucosidase and 340 M (0.5%) lysozyme, 10 mM hydrogencarbonate and 5 mM di-hydrogenphosphate (Fig. 2,b, Fig 3,a) was found to have a buffer power of 68 mol (H+) and 0 mol (OH). See our Privacy Policy and User Agreement for details. Two proteins, -amylase and serum albumin were identified. Panel B: Titration curve with 150 pH measurements per curve of (a) titration curve with 150 averaged pH measurements (5 per pH measurement point) of 5 male subjects with standard deviations indicated by grey bars. An example of a natural buffer is the blood of mammals. Therefore, it would be reasonable to conclude that we had the evidence that salivary buffering at pH 4.3 could be derived from the proteins. As all pH measurement points in the saliva titration curves corresponded to each other, they were averaged and the standard deviation was calculated. 5A,a) was found to have a buffer power of 168 mol (H+) and 42 mol (OH). This rise in pH is caused by saliva that permanently covers the structures forming the oral cavity. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. Three proteins were chosen to serve as model proteins: lysozyme from hen egg which has an isoelectric point of 9.4 and 57% sequence similarity to human salivary lysozyme, amyloglucosidase from Aspergillus niger which has an isoelectric point of 4.35 and 35% sequence similarity to human -amylase and hog pancreatic -amylase which has an isoelectric point of 6.5 and 86% sequence similarity to human -amylase. Buffers play an important role in the chemical treatment of water to separate it from suspended matter of coagulation. APIdays Paris 2019 - Innovation @ scale, APIs as Digital Factories' New Machi Mammalian Brain Chemistry Explains Everything. The protein concentration was determined with the colorimetric method according to Bradford [38]. However, further studies have to be undertaken to identify the protein buffer components in the human salivary proteome. Most of the power of haemoglobin in mopping up hydrogen ions in the range pH 7.0 to 7.70 comes from the dissociation of its imidazole groups [haemoglobin contains 38 molecules of histidine (- imidazole -amino propionic acid) per molecule]. Sellman S. The Buffer Value of Saliva and its Relation to Dental Caries. 0000003846 00000 n This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Therefore only the high sequence similarity was taken in account. The buffer capacity of neutral water accounts for its neutralising power. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal Free access to premium services like Tuneln, Mubi and more. See our User Agreement and Privacy Policy. The buffering action of soils is very important in agriculture, because plants absorb artificial fertilizers from the soil to change the pH in solutions that they extract from the soil in an unfavourable direction. In addition to the automatic self-adjustments made possible by intracorpuscular Hb (as described above), the body possesses two further safeguards (the respiratory apparatus and the kidneys) which by their control of plasma [H2CO3] and [HCO3] respectively serve in auxiliary fashion to maintain constant pH of blood plasma. The increase in the amyloglucosidase concentration from 0.1% to 0.2% increased the buffer value 7 times at pH 4.5.The pH difference (pH) between the 0.1% and 0.2% titration curves (Fig. Activate your 30 day free trialto continue reading. 3, d and e) was 0.1 pH units after addition of 100 mol acid and 2.1 pH units after addition of 50 mol base. In this regard, about 100 proteins were selected. When the pH falls below the normal because of diminished [HCO3], respiration is stimulated, lowering alveolar pCO2 and hence extracellular [H2CO3]. The SlideShare family just got bigger. Analyzed the data: AL ZC. 0000004437 00000 n As only one 50 kDa protein band of a total of 32 protein bands showed a lower intensity in the samples taken at 13:00 it was reasonable to conclude that this changed band caused the chances in basic buffer power and the buffer value at pH 6.7. Lamanda A, Zahn A, Roder D, Langen H. Improved Ruthenium II tris (bathophenantroline disulfonate) staining and destaining protocol for a better signal-to-background ratio and improved baseline resolution. A comparison between Sypro Ruby and ruthenium II tris (bathophenanthroline disulfonate) as fluorescent stains for protein detection in gels. Good NE, Winget GD, Winter W, Connolly TN, Izawa S, et al. With pulmonary compensation the normal pH range can be maintained despite addition of 23 meq of acid or 80 meq of alkali per litre of plasma. Conceived and designed the experiments: AL. The buffer range spanned from pH 3.3 to 5.3 with an optimal buffering at pH 4.5 and a buffer value of 0.007 mol/(lpH). -amylase solutions: 20 M (0.1%), (40 M) (0.2%) and 100 M (0.5%) -amylase from hog pancreas (Fluka BioChemika 10080, Swissprot {"type":"entrez-protein","attrs":{"text":"P00690","term_id":"33860120","term_text":"P00690"}}P00690, 511 amino acids, Mr=57 kDa, pI=6.5) was used as a model for human salivary -amylase. Human resting whole saliva had a buffer zone from pH 3.4 to 8 with buffer values starting from 0.005 mol/(lpH) at pH 3.4 ascending to 0.01 mol/(lpH) at pH 6.5 and descending to 0.004 mol/(lpH) until pH 8. Careers. The buffer values of the saliva samples measured in this study were in agreement with those published by Bardow [8] and even high concentrations of di-hydrogenphosphate and/or hydrogencarbonate can exhibit little buffer effect at pH 4.3 [31]. 0000029470 00000 n The .gov means its official. Additionally, it was shown that there was a protein concentration change in the same range (0.16%) between saliva samples collected at the time periods of 13:00 and others collected at 9:00 am and 17:00. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. Wrote the paper: AL AL MT. As the pH rises, the dissociation is reduced and as a result the H+ ions added are mopped up. Buffer solutions are very important in the treatment of domestic sewage, because the microorganisms which mineralize their organic matter thrive better in a neutral medium. 0000014099 00000 n An official website of the United States government. An imbalance in the buffering action of soil is detrimental to useful micro-organisms living in it. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. 0000002506 00000 n Water (Fig. The calculated buffer power was 75 mol acid and base. None of the authors have any financial arrangements with any commercial organisation that could benefit from this study. 0000003882 00000 n By clicking Accept, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. Identification and Analysis Tools on the ExPASy Server. The Salivary citrate and dental erosion; procedure for determining citric acid in saliva; dental erosion and citric acid in saliva. A solution of 20 M (0.2%) amyloglucosidase in water (Fig. Since the [H2CO3] is fixed only by the alveolar CO2 tension, if the gas tension is equivalent to that normally present in the blood, the HCO3 /H2CO3 system is more useful at pH 7.4 with a ratio of 20 then it would be at its pK 6.1 where the HCO3 would be exhausted by addition of 1.25 meq per litre of acid, and addition of this amount of alkali would result in a rise of 0.3 pH unit. Kuramitsu S, Hamaguchi K. Analysis of the acid-base titration curve of hen lysozyme. After subtraction of the background the numerically integrated band areas of the 50 kDa protein (Fig 4a,c) were 10876 LAU (linear arbitrary units, 100%) at 9:00 am to 4476 LAU (40%) at 13:00 and 9989 LAU (90%) at 17:00. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey. In the present study, the buffer attributes (value, power, range and optimum) of two model systems for human saliva, purified salivary proteins and single proteins were quantified by acid base titration. 1,a) was found to have buffer power of 30 mol acid (hydrogen ions, H+) and 24 mol base (hydroxyl ions, OH). Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. In this context, it is worth mentioning the recently discovered human salivary -amylase subproteom which consists of 67 amylase subspecies with isoelectric points ranging from pH 3.5 to 7.6 [43]. Dugmore CR, Rock WP. A solution of 10 M (0.1%) amyloglucosidase in water (Fig. If the respiratory rate falls sufficiently, the diminished pO2, sensed by the carotid body chemoreceptors, could be a stimulus for increased respiratory activity. Yao Y, Berg EA, Costello CE, Troxler RF, Oppenheim FG. It is known that at pH 4.3, hydrogencarbonate and di-hydrogenphosphate exhibit a maximum of 3% of their optimal buffer values [31]. 0000002378 00000 n E-mail: Received 2006 Nov 21; Accepted 2007 Feb 9. -amylase) as small as 0.1% may change the buffer power up to two times and the buffer value up to 15 times. Zero DT, Lussi A. Amyloglucosidase and lysozyme have a high amino acid sequence similarity to their human counterparts whereas lysozyme from hen egg has almost the same molecular mass and the same isoelectric point as human salivary lysozyme. -amylase, amyloglucosidase hydrogencarbonate and di-hydrogenphosphate solution: (0.1% 10 M) amyloglucosidase and 0.02 g (0.2%, 40 M) -amylase from hog pancreas were dissolved in 10 ml of a solution containing 0.68 g (5 mM) KH2PO4 and 0.84 g (10 mM) NaHCO3 per 1000 ml deionized water. this is all about buffer system and human physiology, Learn faster and smarter from top experts, Download to take your learnings offline and on the go. SlideShare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. These results, therefore, both support the hypothesis of Sellmann [42] regarding that proteins buffer at low pH values and the assumption of Freidin [25] who proposed protein buffer activity in a zone from pH 5.5 to 7.8. 0000008258 00000 n Salivary protein solution: The fresh prepared salivary proteins from 10 ml of stimulated saliva were dissolved in 10 ml deionized water. As arterial blood enters the tissues, CO2 diffuses into the erythrocytes, thus, potentially lowering the pH and the affinity of Hb for O2 as shown in the following reactions: On the other hand, in the lungs the loss of CO2 which would potentially raise the pH, increases the affinity of the Hb for O2, thus permitting the saturation of Hb with O2 at a lower pO2. After centrifugation at 14000 rpm on a Hicen 21 centrifuge (Jepson Bolton, Watford, England) for 30 min at 4C, the supernatant was removed and the obtained precipitate was dissolved in 5 ml deionised water. %PDF-1.6 % Finally, SDS Page and Ruthenium II tris (bathophenantroline disulfonate) staining unveiled a constant protein expression in all samples except for one 50 kDa protein band. 8600 Rockville Pike The buffer power B, in mol (H+) and mol (OH), was used to quantify the amount of acid and base that can be buffered by a substance or a mixture of substances. Our mission is to provide an online platform to help students to share notes in Biology. it should be noted that oxygenation of Hb results in a shift in the apparent pKa of some acidic groups on the peptide chains from 7.71 to 6.17; thus HbO2acts as a stronger acid than Hb. The Henderson Hasselbalch equation is important, for it enables us to appreciate that the blood pH is dependent on the ratio of the concentration of free acid to the concentration of the buffer anion (bicarbonate). Importance of Buffer System. The buffer optimum was determined at the pH with highest buffer value within the buffer range. Identification of protein components in human acquired enamel pellicle and whole saliva using novel proteomics approaches. The calculated buffer power was 50 mol acid and base. These results were unexpected as the fraction of the buffer value derived from proteins were responsible for only 3% of the buffer value at pH 6.5 [31]. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. The first was at pH 4.3 with a buffer value of 0.005 mol/(lpH), whereas the second was at pH 6.5 with a buffer value of 0.01 mol/(lpH). The buffer range spanned from pH 5 to 7 with optimal buffering at pH 6.3 and a buffer value of 0.0005 mol/(lpH) and from 7.2 to 9 with optimal buffering at pH 8.4 and a buffer value of 0.0006 mol/(lpH). At pH 4, the buffer value measured for the salivary proteins was 6 times higher than for di-hydrogenphosphate and hydrogencarbonate where as at pH 3.5 the buffer value measured for the salivary protein was 6 times higher than for di-hydrogenphosphate and 4.5 times higher than for hydrogencarbonate. 31 protein bands had unchanged band intensity whereas one 50 kDa protein band showed changed intensity. The buffer capacity, measured as the ability of the solution to minimize changes in pH due to addition of base, is strongest near the midpoint of a titration, when [A] = [HA] and pH = pKa. Kojima T, Andersen E, Sanchez JC, Wilkins MR, Hochstrasser DF, et al. If base is added, some of the carbonic acid ionizes to produce bicarbonate ions and more H+, which counteracts some of the pH. The salivary components responsible for the increase in pH are the three buffer systems, carbonate, phosphate and protein buffer system [8], [9]. After dialysis, the volume of the dialyzed solution was adjusted to 10 ml. Salivary proteins: protective and diagnostic value in cariology? What is the significance of transpiration? Hu S, Xie Y, Ramachandran P, Ogorzalek Loo RR, Li Y, et al. Dawes C, Dibdin GH. After adjustment of the pH to 7, all solutions were stored in gas-proof closed vessels. The mode of the protein expression changed between these samples corresponded to the change in basic buffer power and the change of the buffer value at pH 6.7. (iv) This buffer system operates in conjunction with Hb. 4,a) was found to have a buffer power of 11 mol (H+, 100%) and 5 mol of (OH, 100%). Di-hydrogenphosphate solution: 0.68 g (5 mM) KH2PO4 (Merck, Dietikon, Switzerland, for analysis, M=136.09 g/mol, pKa=7.1) was dissolved in 1000 ml deionized water. A solution of 5 mM di-hydrogenphosphate (Fig. Large-scale identification of proteins in human salivary proteome by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis-mass spectrometry. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. 4). The amino acid sequences of the proteins in group A were aligned against the amino acid sequences of the proteins in group B with BLAST [34] or LALIGN [35].

Lussi A. Erosive tooth wear - a multifactorial condition of growing concern and increasing knowledge. With a high plasma pH, the respiratory rate falls, alveolar pCO2 and hence plasma [H2CO3] rise, and the pH moves toward 7.4. 4,b), was found to have a buffer power of 9 mol (H+, 82%) and 3 mol of (OH, 60%). Activate your 30 day free trialto unlock unlimited reading. A clinical survey and classification. The most important hydrogen acceptor in blood is the haemoglobin ion. Share Your Word File Izutsu KT. 1,c), was found to have a buffer power of 110 mol (H+), and 22 mol (OH). Kreusser W, Hennemann H, Heidland A. A solution of 10 M (0.1%) amyloglucosidase and 40 M (0.2%) -amylase (Fig. 0.01 g, 0.02 g and 0.05 g were dissolved in 10 ml deionized water. The progression of tooth erosion in a cohort of adolescents of mixed ethnicity. Looks like youve clipped this slide to already. The present study demonstrated that salivary buffering between pH 3.4 and 5 was not based on hydrogencarbonate and di-hydrogenphosphate but rather on proteins. For example, where B+ = the cation of a strong base e.g., Na+; A = anion from week acid. 0000006349 00000 n What is a trophic hormone? A solution of 340 M (0.5%) lysozyme in water (Fig. 1 curve e, 5A curve c, 5B curve c) was found to have a buffer power of 132 mol (H+) and 45 mol (OH). Data points were fitted with Sigmaplot V9.0. This change was within the same range as measured for the total protein content of the saliva samples taken at 9:00 am and 17:00 that had a 0.16% higher concentration than the samples taken at 13:00. Of enamel erosion Intrinsic and extrinsic factors. [Saliva electrolytes and flow rate in the diagnosis of Bartter's syndrome, pseudo-Bartter's syndrome and Conn's syndrome]. Relationship between dental erosion, soft drink consumption, and gastroesophageal reflux among Icelanders. As a result, reduced haemoglobin produces less H+ at a given pH than does oxyhaemoglobin. 0000056617 00000 n But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. Their isoelectric points were calculated with the ProtParam analysis tool [33]. -amylase from hog pancreas has almost the same amino acid sequence as human salivary -amylase and is its closest relative. The pH of a buffer solution is determined not on the absolute concentrations of buffer constituents but on their ratio, i.e., on the ratio of the amount of salt to weak acid as stated in the Henderson Hasselbalch equation: Where Ka is the dissociation constant of the acid and pKa is the pH at which the acid is half neutralized and equal amounts of acid and ion (salt) are present. Optimal buffering was measured at pH 6.5 with 0.008 mol/(lpH). 3,b) was found to have a buffer power of 140 mol (H+) and 0 mol (OH) and a buffer value of 0.02 mol/(lpH) at pH 4.35, and a solution of 50 M (0.5%) amyloglucosidase (Fig.