research paper on impact of covid-19 on employeessorel lennox lace boot size 9

Learn more To what extent do you think you faced the following situations during the pandemic? Therefore, evidence can be considered to support the reliability of measurement models. Godderis and Luyten [11] consider that the COVID-19 pandemic will probably lead to a new worldwide economic recession, which is expected to determine different health problems, associated with various aspects of employment. The same results were obtained following the study carried out by Kawugana and Mohammed [3], who demonstrated that the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected employees performance, and also the study carried out by Narayanamurthy and Tortorella [73], who demonstrated that COVID-19s work implications (i.e., the home office work environment, job insecurity, and virtual connection) do impact employees performance, although not to the same extent. The first results of the study showed that the pandemic effects felt by employees did not directly affect their mental and physical well-being. In terms of reliability (see Table 2), the factor loadings, Cronbach Alpha coefficients, and composite reliability (CR) have values above the recommended thresholds of 0.708, 0.7, and 0.7, respectively [68,69]. FOIA Thus, considering the positive indirect effect of COVID-19 effects on GWP mediated by Work-Related Stress Factors (=0.207;t=4.032;95BCI[0.111,0.313]) and also the negative direct effect, we may conclude that Work-Related Stress Factors concurrently mediated the C19E -> GWP relationship, thus supporting hypothesis 6b. The Psychological Implications of COVID-19 on Employee Job Insecurity and its Consequences: The Mitigating Role of Organization Adaptive Practices. Starting from the major role of health and work-related stress on the physical and mental well-being of employees, in the context of the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, the following research hypotheses can be set out: Health- and work-related stress levels mediate the relationship between the COVID-19 pandemic effects felt by employees and their mental well-being. Evanoff B.A., Strickland J.R., Dale A., Hayibor L., Page E., Duncan J., Kannampallil T., Gray D.L. Contrarily, the hypotheses of the present study, according to which the COVID-19 pandemic effects felt by employees affected their mental and physical well-being, could not be validated. Moreover, overall performance is extremely comprehensive and thus it is not possible to know exactly which components of work performance are affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Ripp, Peccoralo, and Charney [33] believe that these factors of psychological stress require a strong well-being support model for employees. and S.C.. *** p < 0.001; ** p < 0.01. Furthermore, the convergent validity was evaluated by computing the average variance extracted (AVE) for each construct, all of which were found to be higher than the recommended value of 0.5 [70], and the factor loadings, while the discriminate validity was assessed using the FornellLarcker [71] criterion and Henseler et al.s [72] new criterion of heterotraitmonotrait ratio of correlations (HTMT). In contrast to the effects with negative connotations of the mediating role of stressors on the health of employees, effects with positive connotations on their level of work performance could also be observed. PMC legacy view Dirani K.L., Abadi M., Alizadeh A., Barhate B., Garza R.C., Gunasekara N., Ibrahim G., Majzun Z. Employee adjustment and well-being in the era of COVID-19: Implications for human resource management.

[21] claim that the low predictability and the uncertainty of the COVID-19 pandemic has affected not only peoples mental health, especially in terms of cognition and emotions, but also their physical health. Investigating the impact of the pandemic on employees well-being, as well as on their working performance, has become a key topic during this period. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the Moreover, Li et al. At the same time, the study may provide insight into future research that may consider how the COVID-19 pandemic may influence other factors, such as employee motivation, certain employee characteristics, or specific aspects of mental well-being (e.g., depression, anxiety, panic disorder). First, as may be seen in Table 3 and Table 4, the AVE of each construct is greater than the squared correlation with all others constructs, while the HTMT ratios range between 0.334 and 0.742, therefore not exceeding Henseler et al.s [72] thresholds of 0.90 or 0.85. In crisis situations, such as this pandemic, employees understanding increases the success of emergency plans to avoid the spread coronavirus infection and it is extremely important to consider the mental and physical conditions of employees [32]. The significant path coefficient between C19E and GWP (=0.237;p<0.001) gives support for hypothesis 1. Employee Engagement and Wellbeing in Times of COVID-19: A Proposal of the 5Cs Model. The basis of this research was a survey based on a questionnaire that was addressed to persons employed in public or private sector organizations in Romania, regardless of the development region, field of activity, or other particularities of the organization. Therefore, the COVID-19 pandemic effects felt by employees affected their general work performance, such that the more intensely they felt threatened by COVID-19 effects, such as cessation of activity at work, salary decreases, technical unemployment, changes in their lifestyle due to changes in interpersonal relationships imposed by isolation, physical distancing, or changing attitudes of people around them, the lower their work performance. Out of these, 67.44% were employed in a private sector organization in Romania and 32.56% worked in a public sector organization. AL-Abrrow H., Al-Maatoq M., Alharbi R.K., Alnoor A., Abdullah H.O., Abbas S., Khatt Z.Z.

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in the imposition of certain changes in the management of organizations and in the behavior and actions of employees. Following the distribution of the questionnaire, a total of 386 questionnaires were completed. All items were measured on a five-point scale, with the exception of General work Performance. The analysis, performed with the SmartPLS application, version 3.3.3(GmbH, Bnningstedt, Germany) [67], included both the evaluation of the measurement and structural model as well as the direct and indirect (mediated) relationships. In this regard, among the main consequences of the stress caused by the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the health of employees, especially those in the health system, are the following [19]: influencing the mental health of employees by developing anxiety and depression, developing physical illnesses, such as cardiovascular disease, and diminishing empathy for others. Figure 1 presents the structural model. In the same vein, the present paper does not agree with the study conducted by Lin et al. The aim of this paper is to study how the COVID-19 pandemic effects felt by employees affect their well-being, both physical and mental, and how the COVID-19 pandemic effects felt by employees affect the general work performance of employees. Shiba K., Nishimoto M., Sugimoto M., Ishikawa Y. In the current context of the COVID-19 pandemic, the fear of contracting coronavirus has become a stressor for employees, and undoubtedly affects employee performance, whether they are working from home or at the workplace [44]. In this regard, Tul, Brauchli, Kerksieck, and Bauer [31] believe that during the pandemic working conditions have deteriorated and employees are more likely to have mental health problems, such as depression, stress, and anxiety. ; writingreview and editing, I.P., S.C.., A.A.O., .C.P. The results of this study may lead to an awareness among employees that the COVID-19 pandemic is an external factor that affects not only the economy and organizations as a whole but also the well-being of employees and their performance at work. Mujumdar P., Biswas A., Sahu S. COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown: Cause of sleep disruption, depression, somatic pain, and increased screen exposure of office workers and students of India. and A.A.O. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Therefore, contrary to the results of the present study, according to which the COVID-19 pandemic effects felt by employees did not affect their physical and mental well-being, the literature largely demonstrated that the COVID-19 pandemic negatively affected the well-being of employees in terms of workplace relationships and worklife balance [78]. The aim of this construct was to determine the mental or psychological experience felt by those who worked during the COVID-19 pandemic. Leadership competencies and the essential role of human resource development in times of crisis: A response to COVID-19 pandemic. Using the World Health Organization Health and Work Performance Questionnaire (HPQ) to Evaluate the Indirect Workplace Costs of Illness. Source: authors computation with SmartPls 3.3.3 [67]. Koh D., Goh H.P. For the purpose of data collection, a structured questionnaire was used. Dzinamarira T., Murewanhema G., Mhango M., Iradukunda P.G., Chitungo I., Mashora M., Makanda P., Atwine J., Chimene M., Mbunge E., et al. Son C., Hegde S., Smith A., Wang W., Sasangohar F. Effects of COVID-19 on College Students Mental Health in the United States: Interview Survey Study.

Conducting a survey on healthcare and other workers, Evanoff et al. Juchnowicz M., Kinowska H. Employee Well-Being and Digital Work during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Thus, this survey was conducted between November 2020 and January 2021. A systematic review of studies investigating the health-related risks of both job insecurity and unemployment. There are few studies in the literature that have investigated how the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic affect the physical and mental well-being of employees and also their general work performance. Exploring the Validity of HPQ-Based Presenteeism Measures to Estimate Productivity Losses in the Health and Education Sectors. As the pandemic has spread, social distancing and remote working has become the new normality, still raising concerns and questions about the impact on peoples health and work performance among managers and employees.

As specific variables, five items were included, such as technical unemployment, salary decreases, lifestyle changes imposed by social distancing, etc. Seven items, which highlight the extent to which employees felt a number of conditions that impaired their physical well-being, were included in this construct. Nicola M., Alsafi Z., Sohrabi C., Kerwan A., Al-Jabir A., Iosifidis C., Agha M., Agha R. The socio-economic implications of the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19): A review. Although there are studies that have analyzed the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on employee mental well-being and on employee performance, no work has been identified which studies how the COVID-19 pandemic affects employees physical health. The Association between Meditation Practice and Job Performance: A Cross-Sectional Study. Thus, it may be highlighted that the measures taken to prevent the spread of the virus, such as social distancing and working for home, negatively influenced employees productivity and, implicitly, that their general work performance decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic. Impacts of COVID-19 Pandemic on Employees Performance in Some Selected Higher Institutions of Learning in Bauchi State. Kim T.J., von dem Knesebeck O. Yang M., He P., Xu X., Li D., Wang J., Wang Y., Wang B., Wang W., Zhao M., Lin H., et al. Mental Health and the COVID-19 Pandemic. and transmitted securely. Furthermore, the endogenous constructs coefficients of determination (R2) indicated that 15.2% of the variance in Health-Related Stress Factors and 45.4% in Work-Related Stress Factors may be explained by COVID-19 Effects. On a scale of 1 to 10, how would you rate your overall job performance during the last period of time (where 1 means worst performance and 10 means top performance). At the same time, it was pointed out that the survey was part of a research project, and the potential respondents were informed that the answers provided in the questionnaire would be confidential and that their participation in this survey was voluntary. An official website of the United States government. A total of 347 valid responses were obtained. 434438. Catan .-A., Toma S.-G., Barbu A. Impact of COVID-19 on mental health and quality of life: Is there any effect? 2628 February 2011; pp. Employees are an important factor, contributing to increasing productivity in and supporting the progress of organizations. Moreover, Opatha [2] believes that these stressors (fears) also attack the mental health of employees, because too much stress can lead to numerous negative physiological consequences (low immunity, muscle pain, etc. Moreover, in the COVID-19 pandemic context, the fear of losing ones job and, consequently, ones income and job insecurity are major work-related stressors [31,46,49,50] that are associated with poor self-rated health [48]. Moreover, studying the links between the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and employees performance, Hamid et al. Weibelzahl S., Reiter J., Duden G. Depression and Anxiety in Healthcare Professionals During the COVID-19 Pandemic. A number of work-related stress factors, also felt during the pandemic, such as job uncertainty and the threat of unemployment at work, were directly linked to an unexpectedly low level of performance [56]. On the other hand, regarding the physical and mental condition of employees, the COVID-19 pandemic effects also influence their work performance. and C.F.P.

According to Qiu et al. [(accessed on 16 October 2020)]; Kessler R.C., Barber C., Beck A., Berglund P., Cleary P., McKenas D., Pronk N., Simon G., Stang P., Ustun T.B., et al. Is an insecure job better for health than having no job at all? In this regard, it may be pointed out that these effects of COVID-19 were the main reason for employees stress and the decline in work performance [44]. Preliminary analyzes showed that there were no cases with suspicious answers or missing data for the variables included in the questionnaire. Accessibility

Lin W., Shao Y., Li G., Guo Y., Zhan X. Pfefferbaum B., North C.S. The data are not publicly available due to confidentiality reasons. Therefore, the COVID-19 pandemic effects felt by employees did not directly affect their mental and physical well-being. Ammar A., Brach M., Trabelsi K., Chtourou H., Boukhris O., Masmoudi L., Bouaziz B., Bentlage E., How D., Ahmed M., et al. On the other hand, health-related stress factors do not mediate the relationship between the COVID-19 pandemic effects felt by employees and their general work performance. Considering the mediating role of stress factors, the results of the study showed that health- and work-related stress levels mediated the relationship between the COVID-19 pandemic effects felt by employees and their well-being, both mental and physical. Mental health outcomes in times of economic recession: A systematic literature review. Negatively and directly or indirectly, all employees in all organizations have been affected by COVID-19, are being affected or will be affected by this pandemic; there are no employees working in any organization that is immune to coronavirus [2]. As employees, people felt even more the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic because there were multiple changes in terms of work. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted Bouziri H., Smith D.R.M., Descatha A., Dab W., Jean K. Working from home in the time of COVID-19: How to best preserve occupational health? Overall performance includes aspects such as productivity and quality of work, employee skills, the interpersonal qualities of employees, and the degree of achievement of objectives. Therefore, the more intensely employees feel threatened by COVID-19 effects, such as cessation of activity at work, salary decreases, technical unemployment, changes in their lifestyle as a result of changing interpersonal relationships imposed by isolation, physical distancing, or changing attitudes of people around them, the more they will be stressed by the fear of falling sick themselves or of someone they love falling sick, of losing their jobs, of distancing from those close to them, of working from home for a long time, or of going into technical unemployment, and, in turn, their mental and physical well-being will deteriorate. and believes that employees will experience one or two, several or even all of the fifteen identified fears and thus become more stressed. [49] emphasize that the fear of economic crisis and unemployment has increased perceptions of job insecurity among employees and has become the main cause of various psychological problems, such as stress, depression, anxiety, and uncertainty during the COVID-19 outbreak. This paper begins with the specification of the contextual framework and with the analysis of the specialized literature in order to develop the research hypotheses. Stress associated with uncertainty and unpredictability can have negative consequences on physical well-being and mental health, such as anxiety, depression, and burnout [48]. In the Face of a Pandemic: Ensuring Safety and Health at Work. Ricci F., Izzicupo P., Moscucci F., Sciomer S., Maffei S., Di Baldassarre A., Mattioli A., Gallina S. Recommendations for Physical Inactivity and Sedentary Behavior During the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Pandemic. Ripp J., Peccoralo L., Charney D. Attending to the Emotional Well-Being of the Health Care Workforce in a New York City Health System During the COVID-19 Pandemic. On the other hand, the path coefficients between C19E and MWB (=0.137;ns) and PWB (=0.120;ns), respectively, cannot support hypotheses 1 and 2.

Based on the above, it can be seen that the COVID-19 pandemic has a major impact on the physical and mental well-being of people, especially employees. Moreover, the paper aimed to highlight whether health- and work-related stress factors mediate the above relations. Thus, for this research, a non-probabilistic sample, including 347 employees from Romania, was used, which consisted of 58.50% women and 41.50% men. Effects of COVID-19 Home Confinement on Eating Behaviour and Physical Activity: Results of the ECLB-COVID19 International Online Survey. and S.C.. This construct aimed to assess the extent to which employees felt a number of threats/effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, the six measurement constructs included in the questionnaire were as follows: The six measurement constructs, described above, as well as their corresponding references are presented in Table 1. To achieve these results, from the initial physical well-being scale, two items (PWB8 and PWB9) were excluded due to their low factor loading. When to use and how to report the results of PLS-SEM. ; methodology, I.P., S.C.. Then, the research methodology is highlighted and the materials and methods used in this paper are described. There are studies [5,6] that have analyzed the COVID-19 pandemic impact on the mental well-being of health professionals. Xiao Y., Becerik-Gerber B., Lucas G., Roll S.C. Impacts of Working from Home During COVID-19 Pandemic on Physical and Mental Well-Being of Office Workstation Users. Seven items were included in this category, for example: Feeling nervous, Feeling hopeless, Feeling impatient or irritable. Work-Related Stress Factors (WRSFs) included five items, such as The fear of losing a job, The fear of working from home for a long time. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/hrm.22082, https://www.hcp.med.harvard.edu/hpq/ftpdir/HPQ%20Employee%20Version%2081810.pdf. Specifically, performing work activities in an inefficient place can have a detrimental effect on the physical and mental well-being of employees, as well as on their overall work performance, leading to their decline [35,45]. Kessler R.C., Ames M., Hymel P.A., Loeppke R., McKenas D.K., Richling D.E., Stang P.E., Ustun T.B. The new PMC design is here! In addition, the results of the study conducted by Khan et al. Bottan N., Hoffmann B., Vera-Cossio D. The unequal impact of the coronavirus pandemic: Evidence from seventeen developing countries. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies On the other hand, the COVID-19 pandemic effects felt by employees affected their general work performance. This study also investigated the effects mediated by health- and work-related stress factors, considering the relationship between the COVID-19 pandemic effects felt by employees and their well-being, both mental and physical, and also considered the relationship between the COVID-19 pandemic effects felt by employees and their general work performance. Mental Well-Being (MWB). In view of the above, the following research hypotheses can be formulated, regarding the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the physical and mental well-being of employees: The COVID-19 pandemic effects felt by employees affected their mental well-being. The Coronavirus and The Employees: A Study from the Point of Human Resource Management. Regarding data collection, the questionnaire was distributed online, via Google Forms, since (i) the target group included employees from all geographical areas in Romania, (ii) the questionnaire could be completed by several respondents at the same time, and (iii) ease of access to the data collected was facilitated. COVID-19 pandemic has changed daily routines and brought great challenges in all areas of activity [12,13,14,15,16,17,18]. Studies highlights that the level of employees physical and mental well-being has tended to decrease during the pandemic, a tendency that may have been caused by emotions like anxiety, fear, or stress, as well as new working conditions imposed as a result of the pandemic [32]. Determinants of COVID-19 Impact on the Private Sector: A Multi-Country Analysis Based on Survey Data. Furthermore, the extent to which health- and work-related stress factors mediate the above relationships is also emphasized. Therefore, the more intensely employees feel stressed by the fear of decreasing income, losing their jobs, distancing from those close to them, working from home for a long time, or going into technical unemployment, the better they will cope with COVID-19 effects, thus decreasing the negative impact on their work performance. For the purpose of data collection, a structured questionnaire was used. This effect is felt not only by employees but also by students. On the above evaluation, the convergent and discriminant validity of all constructs of the measurement model was established. and A.A.O. At the same time, the literature demonstrated that the COVID-19 pandemic has alarming implications for collective health and emotional functioning of the individual [52]. According to the results of the present study, the COVID-19 pandemic effects felt by employees affected their general work performance. Another limitation of this research may be that the COVID-19 pandemic effects felt by employees can affect a multitude of other factors, not just the mental and physical well-being of employees and overall work performance. Voydanoff P. Economic Distress and Families: Policy Issues. Khanal P., Devkota N., Dahal M., Paudel K., Joshi D. Mental health impacts among health workers during COVID-19 in a low resource setting: A cross-sectional survey from Nepal. Shutters S.T. Therefore, some studies, e.g., [9], suggest that the COVID-19 pandemic effects should be controlled by support provided at work, as organizational support perceived by employees is associated with positive changes in the well-being of employees at work. The study conducted by Kawugana and Mohammed [3] also analyzed the extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic affected the well-being felt by employees. Similarly, the results of the study reported in [7] demonstrated that the COVID-19 pandemic has led not only to an extreme state of anxiety among employees but also to a decrease in job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Other factors, such as conflicting messages from the authorities, social isolation, large and growing financial losses, and a continuing state of uncertainty, have also been described as other major stressors that cause emotional distress and have a negative effect on the mental health and well-being of employees [31,52,53,54,55]. HPQ Employee Version-Health at Work Survey. Therefore, in the structural model one exogenous construct was included: COVID-19 Effects (C19E); and five endogenous ones: Health-Related Stress Factors (HRSFs), Work-Related Stress Factors (WRSFs), Mental Well-Being (MWB), Physical Well-Being (PWB), and General Work Performance (GWP). Kilani H.A., Bataineh M.F., Al-Nawayse A., Atiyat K., Obeid O., Abu-Hilal M.M., Mansi T., Al-Kilani M., Al-Kitani M., El-Saleh M., et al. Fornell C., Larcker D. Evaluating Structural Equation Models with Unobservable Variables and Measurement Error. ; software, S.C.. Therefore, the more intensely they felt threatened by COVID-19 effects, the more their work performance decreased. The research tool used for data collection was the structured questionnaire and the program used for data interpretation and analysis was SmartPls 3.3.3. Moreover, the paper aims to highlight whether health- and work-related stress factors mediate the above relations. Henseler J., Ringle C.M., Sarstedt M. A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling. Furthermore, a study by Voydanoff [34] points out that a number of factors, currently known as the COVID-19 pandemic effects, such as income loss, lack of finances, and unemployment, can cause depression and affect the mental health of employees. To what extent do you think the following statements describe your recent experience? [44] found that the effects of COVID-19 have a significant negative impact on employee work performance. Sasaki N., Kuroda R., Tsuno K., Kawakami N. Workplace responses to COVID-19 associated with mental health and work performance of employees in Japan.

[75], the results of which show that the novelty of the COVID-19 pandemic is positively related to the professional insecurity perceived by employees, which in turn is positively related to their emotional exhaustion. Healthy lifestyle behaviors are major predictors of mental wellbeing during COVID-19 pandemic confinement: A study on adult Arabs in higher educational institutions. Source: authors computation with SmartPls 3.3.3 [67]. According to Vizheh et al. Vizheh M., Qorbani M., Arzaghi S.M., Muhidin S., Javanmard Z., Esmaeilli M. The mental health of healthcare workers in the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review.

Torales J., OHiggins M., Castaldelli-Maia J.M., Ventriglio A. Mental health problems and social media exposure during COVID-19 outbreak. Previous research shows that crises, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, affect not only physical and mental health and well-being but also employee performance [49]. Modelling long-term COVID-19 impacts on the U.S. workforce of 2029. Moreover, it has implicitly contributed to an increase in fear, anxiety, emotional stress, fatigue, insomnia, sadness, and depression among people [12,19]. ; formal analysis, I.P., S.C.. Both studies have shown that the COVID-19 pandemic has led to an increase in the severity of psychological symptoms, especially anxiety and depression. The COVID-19 pandemic effects felt by employees affected their physical well-being. At the same time, in the context of this study, these stress factors (stress from work, stress from home, and financial stress), along with other effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, such as fear, helplessness, and dismay, are considered negative indicators of mental health [51].

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