erence Rotary Gas Meters EFS-R

2022.07.31
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erence Rotary Gas Meters EFS-R

Reference Rotary Gas Meters EFS-R extended turbina turbin aliran Do you have experience and expertise with the topics mentioned in this content? The flow computer also acts as a record keeper recording date and time, instantaneous, hourly, and daily data. _%{L~?H [w8/pzyAx4~|PN 86 TE[ZrQ=C&2"Gi$ Managing challenges Each stage in the natural gas supply chain presents its own challenges and opportunities for gas flow measurement-either fiscal or custody transfer. Clamp-on meters are available for measuring liquid flow as well. 7. Inexpensive varieties of ultrasonic meters are available as clamp-on flow meters, which can be used to measure flow in any diameter of pipe without intrusive modification. The accuracy is generally laid down in statute for the location in which the meter is installed. The use of ultrasonic meters for custody transfer is governed by AGA-9 and ISO/DIS 17089-1 (see Figure 6). Several different designs of gas meters are in common use, depending on the volumetric flow rate of gas to be measured, the range of flows anticipated, the type of gas being measured, and other factors. Pressure compensation then occurs in the utility's billing system. This speed differs from the speed of sound in the gas by the velocity at which the gas is moving in the pipe. Energoflow GFA-202 Flow meters can be used as part of metering units of gas distribution points, industrial enterprises and communal service installation. It is often done through an electronic pulse output mounted on the meter. They are accepted broadly and are not limited in line size. With each turn, they move a specific quantity of gas through the meter. Dan Hackett is a senior business development director of Daniel Ultrasonic Meters at Emerson Process Management. Orifice meters are a type of differential meter, all of which infer the rate of gas flow by measuring the pressure difference across a deliberately designed and installed flow disturbance. Energoflow GF-201H, GF-202H ultrasonic gas flow meters are flanged section type flow meters specially designed for measuring flow velocity, volumetric flow rate and volume of gaseous substances (gases) transported through pipelines in the forward or reverse direction at high pressure (up-to 16 Mpa). Four-channel ultrasonic gas flow meter Energoflow GF- 404 is specially designed for applications where very high accuracy is required, e.g. Reference Rotary Gas Meters EFS-R are intended for installation on reference calibration rigs for calibration and verification of gas meters of any type with air as operating environment. As long as accuracy is reasonable, and repeatability is acceptable, a DP meter is the logical choice.

8, detail characterization. The meter then compares the difference between the upstream and downstream speeds to calculate the velocity of gas flow. First, it may contain less than 50% methane, compared to 85% for conventional gas. True, they can be fouled by dirt and confused by multiphase flow, but they arent being used for fiscal measurement; rather to help the operator keep track of how the different wells are behaving to choose which ones to start and stop. The Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal: Exhibiting a View of the , Volume 10. Advantages include standard volume flow accuracy of 0.35% to 0.5%, with 0.25% available, as well as negligible pressure drop and high turndown capability. These thread sizes were originally named for the amount of gas designed to flow through them in terms of gas lamps, for example a 30-Lt. meter can provide enough gas for 30 lights and was referred to in the late 19th century as a 30-light-gas-meter. for custody transfer measurement of natural gas. Both fiscal and custody transfer measurements are needed in many of these points, but the appropriate instruments to make those measurements vary. There are meters with more than four paths. gas or degasified hydrocarbon gas for households and public, utilities adjusting the measured gas volume, and displaying the, amount of consumed gas on the meter indicator with the ability. This may include personalization of content and ads, and traffic analytics. The other is allocation, defined as "the transfer of goods between two points generally not governed by a buy/sell contract," while custody transfer is done under a contractual obligation between buyer and seller that may require adherence to accuracy, repeatability, linearity, or uncertainty standards defined by measurement standards such as American Gas Association (AGA), American Petroleum Institute (API), International Organization for Standardization (ISO), GOST (Russian equivalent to API), and so on. The initial installation and initialization of HORN Gas Meters are performed using standard IR-DA port with a connection to the nearest concentrator in a network (within a radius of 500 meters). Gas meters that exist in colder climates in buildings built prior to the 1970s were typically located inside the home, typically in the basement or garage. Alerting - in cases of emergencies, control. This contrasts with the position on electric meters, where the test is free and a refund is only given if the date that the meter started to read inaccurately can be determined. A small internal turbine measures the speed of the gas, which is transmitted mechanically to a mechanical or electronic counter. insertion aliran terma bersaiz turbin saluran silverinstruments This is known by several names as the calorific value, heating value, or therm value. x#>_h^A|s@6LO=j)y`zX.:=K>/xw? Gases are more difficult to measure than liquids, because measured volumes are highly affected by temperature and pressure. Any refund is limited to the previous six years. Penalties for uncertainty in fiscal measurement. Gas Meter HORN is designed to measure the volume of natural. The calorific value of natural gas can be obtained using a process gas chromatograph, which measures the amount of each constituent of the gas, namely: Additionally, to convert from volume to thermal energy, the pressure and temperature of the gas must be taken into consideration. Energoflow GF-201H, GF-202H ultrasonic gas flow meters are flanged section type flow meters specially designed for measuring flow velocity, volumetric flow rate and volume of gaseous substances (gases) transported through pipelines in the forward or reverse direction at high pressure (up-to 16 Mpa), 4-channel Flow Meters for Applications Requiring Enhanced Accuracy. Turbine gas meters infer gas volume by determining the speed of the gas moving through the meter. It stores date/time-stamped volume records in memory long enough for a host system to retrieve the records as well as to allow time for human intervention if this retrieval fails to occur. Meters whose accuracy is disputed by the customer have to be removed for testing by an approved meter examiner. In the UK, the permitted error for a gas meter manufactured prior to the European Measuring Instruments Directive[2] is 2%. American Gas Association Report No. When choosing a flowmeter supplier, it is wise to consider a supplier that can provide as many pieces of the puzzle as possibleincluding multiple meter typesto gain unbiased advice on the most appropriate equipment for each step in the supply chain from the wellhead to the ultimate customers. The complex can be used for reliable measurement of volumetric data of various gaseous media for custody transfer applications. A very commonly used compressibility calculation is American Gas Association Report No. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. They feature wide turndown ratios and do not experience performance or calibration drift. They have low turndown unless the orifice plate is changed. The most elaborate types of ultrasonic flow meters average speed of sound over multiple paths in the pipe. Energoflow GFA-202 Flow meters can be used as part of metering units of gas distribution points, industrial enterprises and communal service installation.

This Standard covers the basic design principles and functions required of gas meter installations, This standard covers location, housings and compounds for flow rate exceeding 6 m3h-1 and inlet pressure up to and not exceeding 38 bar, This standard covers the fabrication, installation, testing and commissioning for flow rate exceeding 6 m3h-1 and inlet pressure up to and not exceeding 38 bar, This standard covers the operation and maintenance for flow rate exceeding 6 m3h-1 and inlet pressure up to and not exceeding 38 bar, This standard covers notices and labels for flow rate exceeding 6 m3h-1 and inlet pressure up to and not exceeding 38 bar, IGEM/GM/PRS/1 - Meter installation fittings, IGEM/GM/PRS/3 - Meter regulators for gas flow rates not exceeding 6 m3 h-1 and inlet pressures not exceeding 75 mbar, IGEM/GM/PRS/28 - Medium pressure single-stage regulators for gas flow rates not exceeding 6 m3 h-1, IGEM/GM/PRS/29 - Medium pressure two-stage meter regulators for gas flow rates, IGEM/GM/PRS/33 - Meter regulators of nominal diameter 32 mm and not exceeding 150 mm and for inlet pressures not exceeding 75 mb, Medium pressure meter installation kits for flow rates not exceeding 6 m3 h-1, This specification covers pre-assembled 6m3 h-1 low pressure meter installation kits. lines, and a Coriolis meter or an ultrasonic gas flowmeter can be a good choice here because of their large turndowns involved. By Dan Hackett, Emerson Process Management, By using this website, you agree to our use of cookies. IGEM/GM/4 Edition 3 - Flowmetering practices. There is, in fact, an eight-path meter available that is essentially a pair of four-path meters in a redundant configuration. These generally are 8- to 10-in. However, the additional paths usually are provided as a separate flowmeter within the same flowmeter body as a means of checking the overall operation of the meter (see Figure 5). The rest generally is heavy hydrocarbons: ethane, propane, butane, iso- and normal-pentane, etc. Rotary meters are highly machined precision instruments capable of handling higher volumes and pressures than diaphragm meters. Flow Metering Complexes for Custody Transfer of Natural Gas They also generate a medium-to-large pressure loss, and they are not as accurate as other technologies, such as gas turbine, ultrasonic, or Coriolis meters. Energoflow GFA-202 In addition, a Coriolis meter can detect the onset of two-phase flow. Energoflow GFE-202 and GFE-201 are state-of-art ultrasonic gas flow meters designed for accurate and reliable measurement of flow velocity, volumetric flow rate and volume of gaseous substances (gases) transported through pipelines in the forward or reverse direction.

Coriolis meters are physically large, relatively expensive, and produce pressure drop (see Figure 3). 1 / 1 with optical port and built-in wireless modem; 0 / 0 without optical port and wireless modem. otherwise Register here, IGEM House26 & 28 High StreetKegworthDerbyDE74 2DAUnited Kingdom, t: +44 (0)1509 678 150e: general@igem.org.ukCharity No: 214011Vat No: 674772885, This site uses cookies to store information on your computer, to improve your experience. Ultrasonic meters are high-cost and work best with no liquids present at all in the measured gas, so they are primarily used in high-flow, high-pressure applications such as utility pipeline meter stations, where the gas is always dry and lean, and where small proportional inaccuracies are intolerable due to the large amount of money at stake. They are however accepted and understood in industrial applications since they are easy to field-service and have no moving parts. There are actuation, sensing, electronic, and computational elements that must be present for the meter to function. Temperature, pressure, and heating value compensation must be made to measure actual amount and value of gas moving through a meter. The complex can be used for reliable measurement of volumetric data of various gaseous media for custody transfer applications. %PDF-1.4 This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Orifice meters often do not handle a large range of flow rates. The quality of the gas is measured and adjusted for in each billing cycle. The only way to counter fouling in a DP meter is to send someone out periodically to inspect the orifice plate, which is expensive in terms of labor and can mean an interruption in production. He is a member of the AGA Transmission Measurement Committee, which is responsible for AGA 9: Measurement of Gas by Multipath Ultrasonic Meters. ambient temperature from minus 25 to 70; humidity not more than 95 % at temperature not exceeding 35 and lower temperatures without condensation; atmospheric pressure from 84 to 106,7 kPa (from 630 to 800 mm Mercury); the highest operating pressure not exceeding 50 kPa. An important feature of many ultrasonic meters is their built-in diagnostics, which enable them to detect the presence of liquids (two-phase flow), dirt buildup, blockage, and other problems. These cookies do not store any personal information.

An orifice gas meter consists of a straight length of pipe inside which a precisely known orifice plate creates a pressure drop, thereby affecting flow. This category only includes cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the website. During the last few years, there has been a tremendous increase in U.S. production of natural gas, much of it derived from fracking plays. And because they measure speed of sound in the gas, they can help provide a sanity check on other instruments, such as gas chromatographs, and check the accuracy of mathematical conversion to standard pressure elsewhere in the system. (and, in fact, are often one or two pipe sizes smaller than the lines in which they are installed, which contributes to pressure drop). Ultrasonic flow meters are more complex than meters that are purely mechanical, as they require significant signal processing and computation capabilities. You may delete and block all cookies from this site, but parts of the site will not work. According to the federal Energy Information Administration (EIA), dry natural gas shipments increased from 1 trillion ft3 in 2000 to 5 trillion ft3 in 2010, and production increased by a factor of 12 in one decades time. The ultrasonic meter constantly measures the speed of sound in the flowing gas. for custody transfer measurement of natural gas. This works well as long as the system isnt pushed so hard that liquids or dirt are carried through into the flowmeter, which can reduce the orifice size and make the meter read high. A coriolis meter is usually one or more pipes with longitudinally or axially displaced section(s) that are excited to vibrate at resonant frequency. This Specification is part of a series of Institution of Gas Engineers and Managers (IGEM) publications, providing a specification for gas meter and converter serial numbering and model identification formats.

Click here to start this process. They are, for example, a good fit for the inputs and outputs of cryogenic gas processing plants and for feeds to large industrial users such as power plants. 9: Measurement of gas by multipath ultrasonic meters (2 ed.). In addition, they generally are not available in sizes larger than 16 in. Since they measure flowing density, coriolis meters can also infer gas flow rate at flowing conditions. There are different styles available but most common is a contact closure switch. The most common are indicators that use multiple clock hands (pointer style) or digital readouts similar to an odometer, but remote readouts of various types are also becoming popular see Automatic meter reading and Smart meter. 3 deals with a broad range of issues relating to orifice metering of natural gas, and it specifies an algorithm for calculating natural gas flow rates based on the differential pressure, static pressure, and temperature of a gas with a known composition. DP meters are the choice here because they are simple and inexpensive. An ultrasonic meter is very effective at detecting two-phase flow; the presence of liquids generally indicates a problem elsewhere in the system (or that the ultrasonic meter has been installed at the wrong location). The length of each path is precisely measured in the factory. Energoflow GFE-202 and GFE-201 are state-of-art ultrasonic gas flow meters designed for accurate and reliable measurement of flow velocity, volumetric flow rate and volume of gaseous substances (gases) transported through pipelines in the forward or reverse direction.

^O3$~U=1`RaF ]K4{y#W Htl:KgzaCjI.N"#:"-,P#L/d40(.b&KvDv]:mb2>)8Z3rF,\y@cPlv.RCcog1m\9^sx49(wun1#. The turndown ratio of an ultrasonic meter is probably the largest of any natural gas meter type, and the accuracy and range ability of a high-quality ultrasonic meter is actually greater than that of the turbine meters against which they are proven. The use of Coriolis meters for custody transfer is governed by AGA-11. If the meter is found to be reading within limits, the consumer has to pay the costs of testing (and pay any outstanding charges). Gas meters are required to register the volume of gas consumed within an acceptable degree of accuracy. Any significant error in the registered volume can represent a loss to the gas supplier, or the consumer being overbilled. 2 0 obj (1880) P. 224, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Flow conditioning#Effects on flow measurement devices, http://www.gasproductssales.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/swivel-nuts.pdf, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gas_meter&oldid=1093440848, Articles needing additional references from September 2014, All articles needing additional references, Articles with limited geographic scope from February 2021, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 16 June 2022, at 16:50. Coriolis meters are used with liquids and gases. to detect losses, leakages and tampering. Information garbling and hacking are impossible. You should consider contributing to our CFE Media editorial team and getting the recognition you and your company deserve. Inlet pressure exceeding 38 bar and not exceeding 100 bar, IGEM/GM/5 Edition 3 - Electronic gas volume conversion systems, IGEM/GM/6 Edition 2 - Non-domestic meter installations.

While a Coriolis meter will provide information on gas density, the GC is still needed to obtain a number for Btus per pound; a GC is expensive and tends to be reserved for places where there is enough volume to justify its cost. The exact sequence of steps in shale gas recovery and separation varies somewhat from place to place, but the following description gives the general idea. A gas meter is a specialized flow meter, used to measure the volume of fuel gases such as natural gas and liquefied petroleum gas.

This effect implies a relationship between the phase difference in the vibration of the upstream and downstream sections and the mass flow rate of the fluid contained by the pipe. The use of DP meters for custody transfer is governed by API 14.3/AGA3 in North America and ISO 5167 globally. While gas custody-transfer flow measurement can take place anywhere along the process value chain from the wellhead to delivery or sale location, for the lowest uncertainty in measurement, it generally takes place at stable, predictable single-phase locations or physically discrete hand-over points (e.g., platform/production exit location, pipeline entry/exit, terminal entry, etc.). Remote reading is becoming popular for gas meters. Both technologies involve transducers that are simply clamped on to the pipe and programmed with the pipe size and schedule and can be used to calculate flow. In addition, its often accompanied by large amounts of water, CO2, H2S, and sand. indicating emergencies, dispatcher actions. These calculations depend in part on the ideal gas law and also require a gas compressibility calculation in order to account for the fact that real gases are not ideal. Flow computers measure, monitor, and may provide control of gas flow for all types of meters. Some of these paths point upstream so that the sum of the times of flight of the sonic pulses can be divided by the sum of the flight lengths to provide an average speed of sound in the upstream direction. And because shale gas wells are switched in and out, that composition can change in a matter of hours.

Energoflow GFE-201, GFE-202 The server receives instant notifications in case of emergency situations, deviations of the supply voltage or when trying to access files using the IR-DA port. The gas static pressure, density, viscosity, and temperature must be measured or known in addition to the differential pressure for the meter to accurately measure the fluid. The units built-in flow computer functionality also can calculate the speed of sound based on input data from pressure and temperature transmitters and a gas chromatograph (GC). Ultrasonic meters measure the speed of gas movement by measuring the speed at which sound travels in the gaseous medium within the pipe. The AGA 7 calculation itself is a simple ratio and is, in essence, a density correction approach to translating the volume or rate of gas at flowing conditions to a volume or rate at base conditions. In addition, most Coriolis meters are available with self-diagnostics that can detect when they are beginning to foul (they exhibit a change in baseline frequency response) without having to send someone out to open and examine the meter.

Within the meter there are two or more chambers formed by movable diaphragms. With the gas flow directed by internal valves, the chambers alternately fill and expel gas, producing a nearly continuous flow through the meter. Since then, the vast majority are now placed outside though there are a few exceptions especially in older cities. Turbine, rotary, and diaphragm meters can be compensated using a calculation specified in American Gas Association Report No. The high turndown makes them useable in applications subject to wide variations in flow, which means that a single ultrasonic meter can replace multiple other meters (see Figure 4). Again, owing to the amount of inference, analog control and calculation intrinsic to a coriolis meter, the meter is not complete with just its physical components. [7], The examples and perspective in this section. to transfer information to a centralized accounting system. Information is further received by the server in an encrypted form and decoded.

Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. [6] These sizes are typically 10Lt, 20Lt, 30Lt, 45Lt, or 60Lt, though smaller and larger sizes are available. Pressure is generally not a problem; the meter is simply installed immediately downstream of a pressure regulator and is calibrated to read accurately at that pressure. He has more than 30 years of experience in hydrocarbon flow measurement and has worked for Emerson for 20 years where he has managed flow metering products and systems worldwide. stream

If you aready have an account, please Login, Once the fluid begins to flow, however, the Coriolis force comes into play. They do not need pressure and temperature compensation for fluid properties. Flow Metering Complexes for Custody Transfer of Natural Gas. AGA Report No. Its interesting to note that while a Coriolis meter will give a density reading, in many markets, much of the accounting is done in terms of standard volume, which means it is still necessary to measure temperature and pressure, as well as gas composition. The concentrators are powered by 220V, solar panels or battery backup. DP meters measure volumetric flow through a calibrated orifice (generally a flow plate), are inexpensive, and simple in concept. Custody transfer is one of two forms of fiscal measurement. All forms of fiscal measurement can be affected by product quality, fluid properties and composition, operating parameters, maintenance practices, and technology type. The volume of gas flow provided by a gas meter is just that, a reading of volume. Next, the gas goes to natural gas liquid separators and perhaps a debutanizer and/or an H2S separator.

Ultrasonic gas flow meters Energoflow GFE-211 and GFE-212 are a brilliant example of genial engineering for achieving optimal solution for gas flow measurement in large pipes and in cases where installation of inline meters is technically or commercial not viable. The enormous value of gas involved makes accuracy essential. The other paths may be identical or similar, except that the sound pulses travel downstream. In addition, DP meters are sensitive to flow profile and require either a fairly long straight run or an upstream flow conditioner. Ultrasonic flowmeters measure volumetric flow rates. Washington, DC: American Gas Association. Any cookies that may not be particularly necessary for the website to function and is used specifically to collect user personal data via analytics, ads, other embedded contents are termed as non-necessary cookies.

Reference Turbine Gas Meters EFS-T are intended for installation on reference calibration rigs for calibration and verification of gas meters of any type with air as operating environment. Its important to note that shale gas, which is what is fueling the transformation of the energy industry, is different from conventional natural gas in several important ways. Each path consists of an ultrasonic transducer at one end and a sensor at the other. Coriolis flowmeters measure mass flow and density directly. <> Varying temperature cannot be handled as easily, but some meters are designed with built-in temperature compensation to keep them reasonably accurate over their designed temperature range. These meters do not impede the flow of gas, but are limited at measuring lower flow rates. Reference Turbine Gas Meters EFS-T are intended for installation on reference calibration rigs for calibration and verification of gas meters of any type with air as operating environment. The meter creates a 'ping' with the transducer and measures the time elapsed before the sensor receives the sonic pulse. The rotational movement of the crank shaft serves as a primary flow element and may produce electrical pulses for a flow computer or may drive an odometer-like counter. It is mandatory to procure user consent prior to running these cookies on your website. Within the meter, two figure "8" shaped lobes, the rotors (also known as impellers or pistons), spin in precise alignment. The operating principle is similar to that of a Roots blower. 11 provides guidelines for obtaining good results when measuring natural gas with a coriolis meter.

As the gas travels along, the pipe size tends to increase, which is where ultrasonic gas meters come into their own. Review our, Neural networks in process control: Neural network architecture, controls, Ethernet as a leading machine automation protocol, CLPM: Improving process efficiency, throughput, Streamlining assembly systems using PC-based control, Celebrating 10 years of Applied Automation, Smart face mask, other wearables designed as personal health trackers, Soft actuators in robots emit light in colors, patterns, Waterproof sensors improve temperature and motion sensitivity, wearability, Standardizing data collection in breweries, Theory developed to help design systems that can interact more seamlessly, Instrumentation calibration best practices, benefits, Upgraded software enhances subsurface flow visualization capabilities. Residential, commercial and industrial gas meters have their own standard thread sizes. To resume gas supply, the person using the equipment must press a special button or complete the procedure in any other prescribed manner. Because the volume of gas is inferred by the flow, it is important that flow conditions are good. A number of six-path and eight-path meters have been introduced, but research (Klaus Zanker, Letton Hall Group, and Tom Mooney, Emerson Process Management [now with BP]), "Limits on Achieving Improved Performance from Gas Ultrasonic Meters and Possible Solutions," presented at the 30th International North Sea Flow Measurement Workshop, Oct. 23-26, 2012) has shown that little is gained by exceeding four paths. Unlike DP and ultrasonic meters, they do not require flow conditioning. Simple volumetric flow measurement technology is not the only consideration because the ultimate measurement-and what the customer pays for-is energy delivered. Shale gas fields generally consist of multiple wells that feed a satellite skid through fairly small diameter lines, none of which carry enough gas to justify the cost of a high-end flowmeter. [5] If the meter cannot be tested or its reading is unreliable, the consumer and supplier have to negotiate a settlement. One of the cookies this site uses is essential for parts of the site to operate and has already been set.