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/Filter [/FlateDecode /CCITTFaxDecode] 0000015936 00000 n 5L|A5AekCzrvCCRk Multiphase Flow Meters (MPFM) are devices used to measure the individual oil, water and gas flow rates in a multiphase flow. Conceptually, a magnetic resonance multiphase flow meter consists of three sequential steps: 1.Creating a net magnetization by aligning the magnetic moments of hydrogen atoms in an applied, constant magnetic field. xref Differential pressure produced by a dall tube higher than venturi tube and nozzle, all of them having same throat diameters. If you cant see it, please use the search function! The amplitude of the echoes and the rate at which they decay is used to calculate the flow rates. 3*\EA `#M7joFsy)a"4xyCHHHh^FZ9z0Ys#5 0000014891 00000 n

0000009902 00000 n ZXI5].

This measurement principle also forms the basis of magnetic resonance based flow metering.

0000000716 00000 n

To avoid the risk of spontaneous explosions of gaseous chlorine dioxide or concentrated solutions, it is generally handled in dilution with low concentrations.

0000001570 00000 n Something to keep in mind, is that due to the nutating discs nature, the accuracy of this type of flow meter can be adversely affected by fluctuations in liquid viscosity. 0000019062 00000 n

0000000016 00000 n 0000006511 00000 n xb```a``vc`e` @V @+^h6_e-%+t2.



/Length 775 0000001150 00000 n The position of the disc divides the chamber into compartments containing an exact volume. 1EW;rS&J)8IerZ@>JL{kdjzD`9uL;Cnb*vY"fCPF*I&s+`WC}}3}5FVuSujh! ClO2, Nutating disc flow meters are one of the most common types of positive displacement flow meter. 0000001387 00000 n 0000002428 00000 n

#XZ#%]@6w Yu>WR(RKFb/fw)-b;M;m\rVO~LUv^JJyLGZxY=Y}+"%Uonix[Kz HVn@>R5{UH}1mI |=k{flH/3gfL9sJILRIy>E R4c9k; mx;{~* sz7nsDou],=hA|pgg;4h93WU2}FpV_.vL{0"B7p/4`6Xfv $dYxk-6snjUvUg5`FE[cb!zr&L8X$c`W{^Eb]+%ja{oMP.

%%EOF }'g|U^>H!*"/baK#*EPkjGKBC\sl?PAm)'ff4.>/{g& ECr$%=l@8m-GM&/.uzs+&W~urc #~Gafz05 k[[`zr>{GmjM8~ !-shJw7g3vVx lbR}Qu2p;8v@%1.;S4S&.Bv'R[@ 0000010722 00000 n

They operate by having a disc mounted to a central ball.

0000004510 00000 n stream 5vlAhQ5{N |^3pt@oZr4Ti9pIpi*'-h%NWnsQK^rX6+$VL i"SY\-l{"hW)# U: *1q /ColorSpace [/Indexed /DeviceRGB 1 ]

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endstream endobj 33 0 obj<> endobj 35 0 obj<> endobj 36 0 obj<>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB]>> endobj 37 0 obj<> endobj 38 0 obj<> endobj 39 0 obj<> endobj 40 0 obj<>stream The Dall tube is a shortened version of a Venturi meter, with a lower pressure drop than an orifice plate. There are inherently more leak, A combination of Venturi tube and orifice plate, it features the same tapering intake portion of a venturi tube but has a shoulder similar to the orifice plates exit part to create a sharp pressure drop.

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Dall Tube Flow Meter Construction Dall Flow Tube has a higher ratio of pressure developed, Nutating Disc Flow Meters Working Principle. /Vyl2q. MF0M\Wp2D6%n:WS^ICvl;F/ UWcuc3].H c*/FK 7Fm )uer@AtXkLp}L`z*.KRBN `=qd_7f!>EBzOpPq"[=Py4bR:P:5D1s$a! 0000013455 00000 n startxref /Height 158 trailer

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2 g/l ClO2 that can be safely handled and stored for several days. It is very reactive. As with these flow meters the flow rate in a Dall tube is determined by measuring the pressure drop caused by restriction in the conduit. 32 21

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Chlorine dioxide measurement Chlorine dioxide (ClO2) is an instable, non-storable, toxic gas with a characteristic scent.

%PDF-1.4 This motion is translated into rotary motion by means of a ball and shaft, which is attached to the disc. xb```a``

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0000003467 00000 n The procedure provides solutions with approx. Magnetic resonance makes use of a fundamental property of atoms and in effect makes it possible to count hydrogen atoms. Multiphase Flow Meters (MPFM)s are recognized to provide a number of additional benefits to O&G production: MPFM can be employed to reconcile oil, gas and water measurement at all entry and exit points of a production network, minimizing potential serious economic consequences in terms of taxes and custody transfer due to incorrect allocation; when a single processing facility is shared by different producers, MPFMs can be used to meter the production from each license owner; Multiphase flowmeters are able to deliver real-time, continuous data concerning production of the different phases; therefore they can be very useful for reservoir management and for optimization of the production; The continuous measurement from MPFMs provide further information to detect potential issues in the production system. qT! 0000000016 00000 n The hydrogen atoms respond to the pulses and send back echoes which are recorded. endobj /Width 5355

endstream endobj 42 0 obj<>stream 0000004583 00000 n Multiphase streams are typical of the O&G fields, since the producing wells normally generate mixture of liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons with a variable quantity of water. For this purpose the fluids are magnetised and subsequently excited by radio frequency pulses. )%\%? ;nH-Gq`oP*U6@)wKssI@o1b^ NNV"I0. <]>> 0000008511 00000 n

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0000009508 00000 n Nutating Disc Flow Meters Liquid enters a precision-machined chamber containing a disc which nutates (wobbles). /Subtype /Image HWn0 \>D Cn>B\=__ #E#z3ks]L&7e1# f> M\-}E>+%LG}qOxqzU&,+&{ K=v.[Q>>Fr`GUCd:pNo}]:/Mo``Ja(LfzPR)3 2.Perturbing the alignment of hydrogen atoms by employing electro-magnetic radio frequency (RF) pulses. 0000011477 00000 n

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72 24

Since these meters have significantly lower permanent pressure losses than orifice meters, Dall tubes are widely used for measuring the flow rate of large pipe works. 0000000776 00000 n >>

The difference in magnetic resonance properties allows making a distinction between the flowrates of oil, gas and water. startxref The pressure differential is typically measured using diaphragm pressure transducers with digital readout. 0000007543 00000 n The traditional solution is represented by the test separators, large vessels where the different phases are divided and then measured through standard singlephase techniques.

0000016590 00000 n %PDF-1.4 % 0000001238 00000 n 0000012801 00000 n When fluid enters the chamber, it causes the disc to wobble (nutate), transferring the displaced volume to the register.

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0000006350 00000 n The molecule consists of one chlorine atom and two oxygen atoms represented in the chemical formula ClO2. <<564a7290654b314aa373c12760c635fa>]>>

3.Detecting the radio-frequency signal emitted by the hydrogen atoms during their return to equilibrium alignment in the external magnetic field. >> %%EOF

'+D~-8MJR9nAXKN,+?XL]'M_'^uy& 4"" 0000010476 00000 n

A multiphase flow meter is a device used to measure the individual phase flow rates of constituent phases in a given flow (for example in oil and gas industry) where oil, water and gas mixtures are initially co-mingled together during the oil production processes. 0000009031 00000 n TILI Automation ,Thank you for coming! /BitsPerComponent 1 0000015552 00000 n xCpBcd-@AGGEGCGGhGPGRv$a*098-ArC{>@420it0`L4 .

Knowing single rates of gas liquid and water is crucial for the production industry in order to monitor the reservoir, to improve the well performances and to optimize the production.

/CreationDate (D:20140909155701+02'00') multiphase flow where the gas content is very high). %PDF-1.4 % It is usually used in applications with larger flow rates. Since oil, gas and water all contain hydrogen atoms, multiphase flow can be measured using magnetic resonance. The term MPFM is used to define also the metering of wet gas streams (i.e. 0000001046 00000 n xref 0000018030 00000 n

0000016981 00000 n Typically it is prepared on site, for example from hydrochloric acid and sodium chlorite. 74 0 obj<>stream However, MPFM are becoming more and more appealing to the O&G Upstream industry, proving as a valuable alternative to the test separators. 0000008127 00000 n

0000002609 00000 n Liquid pressure drives the disc to wobble and a roller cam causes the nutating disc to make a complete cycle. 0 endstream endobj 41 0 obj<>stream The movements of the disc are transmitted by gear train to an indicator/totalizer or pulse transmitter. #[f!]E/z(W *HDm, krETC"]^V9)__RgF+?}1|KnanS.G4i7>mE?dLS3GC1q[d]6zlDtp}b@v;(Bvq+*!SXC+Z{GVe##\g#XzYPT}5SG&[$\;3(X% (r-F%:=f 0000007248 00000 n 3 0 obj

Image Credits : krohne Sensor Parts : Reference electrode Applied chlorine dioxide specific potential Current needed to maintain the constant potential Counter electrode Measuring electrode The disinfection effect of ClO2 is due to the transfer of oxygen instead of chlorine, so that no chlorinated byproducts are formed.

HVn0_jI(vsl:/yxL$%$bq3"YF /qEI~1H*h#G]eO7tgMTH-"J{[[6o,8h ClO2 is soluble in water, but tends to evaporate quickly.

0000005542 00000 n 32 0 obj<> endobj 0000000965 00000 n 0000011760 00000 n 0000014500 00000 n <<

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