] Greek and Phoenician sailors u

2022.07.31
why does my kitten chew on everything

] Greek and Phoenician sailors u

[16] Greek and Phoenician sailors used the location as a safe port. [117] In 2018, an ancient fresco depicting an erotic scene of "Leda and the Swan" was discovered at Pompeii. Pompeii also featured in the second episode of the fourth season of revived BBC science fiction series Doctor Who, named "The Fires of Pompeii",[124] which featured Caecilius as a character. [88] The structure was not open to visitors, but the outside was visible to tourists. From the outbreak of the Second Punic War (218201 BC) in which Hannibal's invasion threatened many cities, Pompeii remained faithful to Rome unlike many of the southern cities. A. Maiuri, "Pompeii,"Scientific American 198.4 (1958) 70; A. Maiuri, Herculaneum(Rome 1977) p 13, The Eruption of Vesuvius in A. D. 79: Reconstruction from Historical and VolcanologicalEvidenceAuthor(s): Haraldur Sigurdsson, Stanford Cashdollar and Stephen R. J. SparksSource: American Journal of Archaeology, Vol. By 2008, it was attracting almost 2.6million visitors per year, making it one of the most popular tourist sites in Italy. [76][75][77], In January 2021 a well-preserved "large, four-wheel ceremonial chariot" was uncovered by archaeologists headed by Massimo Osanna at a villa in Civita Giuliana,[78] north of Pompeii, where a stable had previously been discovered in 2018. [6][7][8][9], Pompeii in Latin is a second declension masculine plural noun (Pompei, -rum). [70][71][72], Under the 'Great Pompeii Project' over 2.5km (1.6mi) of ancient walls within the city were relieved of danger of collapse by treating the unexcavated areas behind the street fronts in order to increase drainage and reduce the pressure of groundwater and earth on the walls, a problem especially in the rainy season. Alle origini dell'architettura ellenistica d'occidente. La regione vesuviana dal 62 at 79 d.C. Problemi archeologici e sismologici (Colloquium Boscoreale, 2627 November 1993), Munich, 1995, pp.

Due to the spectacular quality of the finds, the Spanish military engineer Roque Joaqun de Alcubierre made excavations to find further remains at the site of Pompeii in 1748, even if the city was not identified. [115] It is speculated that these historical vineyards are strikingly similar in structure to the modern day vineyards across Italy. There is wide evidence of post-eruption disturbance, including holes made through walls. According to Theodor Kraus, "The root of the word Pompeii would appear to be the Oscan word for the number five, pompe, which suggests that either the community consisted of five hamlets or perhaps it was settled by a family group (gens Pompeia)."[10]. The city was not completely buried, and tops of larger buildings would have been visible above the ash making it obvious where to dig or salvage building material. In the thermopolium of Asellina,[111] with three sales counters and a lararium with depictions of Mercury and Bacchus, numerous furnishings have been found, both in bronze and terracotta, as well as 683 sesterces; the external faade bears a representation of jugs and funnels and an electoral inscription referring to Asellina, probably the owner of the inn. In the following years, the excavators struggled with lack of money and excavations progressed slowly, but with significant finds such as the houses of the Faun, of Menandro, of the Tragic Poet and of the Surgeon. [101], The evolution of Pompeii's private and public buildings is often unclear because of the lack of excavations beneath the levels of 79. 9, pp. [115] For this reason, vineyards were of utmost importance to Pompeii's economy. pompeii ash pumice All but the dates could have been produced locally. The Economy of Pompeii, Miko Flohr and Andrew Wilson, 2016, See W. O. Moeller, "The Riot of AD 59 at Pompeii," Historia, 1970, vol. Many nearby buildings inside the walls were also destroyed. Over time, they decayed, leaving voids that archaeologists found could be used as moulds to make plaster casts of unique, and often gruesome, figures in their final moments of life. pompeii pompei pompeya storia cucinotta luxvide letterboxd antikes seriale pompeji suchefilme hdflixer [86], The Schola Armatorum ('House of the Gladiators')[87] collapsed in 2010 caused by heavy rainfall and lack of proper drainage. [114] Barley, wheat, and millet were all produced along with wine and olive oil, in abundance for export to other regions.[115]. Thermopolium of Asellina", "I.6.7 Pompeii. The rock band Pink Floyd filmed a 1971 live concert, Pink Floyd: Live at Pompeii, in which they performed six songs in the city's ancient Roman amphitheatre. They revealed that emmer wheat, Italian millet, common millet, walnuts, pine nuts, chestnuts, hazel nuts, chickpeas, bitter vetch, broad beans, olives, figs, pears, onions, garlic, peaches, carob, grapes, and dates were consumed. [116], The discovery of erotic art in Pompeii and Herculaneum left the archaeologists with a dilemma stemming from the clash of cultures between the mores of sexuality in ancient Rome and in Counter-Reformation Europe. One fresco depicts a dog with a collar on a leash, possibly a reminder for customers to leash their pets. The lack of adequate weather protection of all but the most interesting and important buildings has allowed original interior decoration to fade or be lost. 11,000 in AD 79,[3] enjoying many fine public buildings and luxurious private houses with lavish decorations, furnishings and works of art which were the main attractions for the early excavators. The fullonica of Stephanus,[112] named after the owner or manager, was originally a house that was transformed into a workshop for the processing of fabrics: on the lower floor the working and washing activities took place, carried out in large tanks with water, soda and urine while on the upper floor the clothes were dried. It is, however, clear that by the time of the conquest by Sulla in 89 BC the development of the street layout was largely complete and most of the insulae were built up. pompeii There was fierce controversy after the collapse, with accusations of neglect. A 2012 study recommended an improved strategy for interpretation and presentation of the site as a cost-effective method of improving its conservation and preservation in the short term. [122], The museum was re-opened on 25 January 2021 as a permanent exhibition venue. In December 2018, archaeologists discovered the remains of harnessed horses in the Villa of the Mysteries. Wallat, K., Die Ostseite des Forums von Pompeji, Frankfurt am Main, 1997. Many of Sulla's veterans were given land and property in and around the city, while many of those who opposed Rome were dispossessed of their property. 7592. [69] Maiuri made the last excavations on a grand scale in the 1950s, and the area south of the Via dell'Abbondanza and the city wall was almost completely uncovered, but they were poorly documented scientifically. [21] Excavations in 19801981 have shown the presence of Etruscan inscriptions and a 6th-century BC necropolis. [92] A "Grande Progetto Pompei" project of about five years had begun in 2012 with the European Union and included stabilization and conservation of buildings in the highest risk areas. It was thought until recently that some of the damage had still not been repaired at the time of the eruption, but this has been shown to be doubtful as the evidence of missing forum statues and marble wall-veneers are most likely due to robbers after the city's burial. 479523, who convincingly argues that the splendidly decorated hospitium south of Pompeii was built for this occasion. Pompeii was built about 40m (130ft) above sea level on a coastal lava plateau created by earlier eruptions of Mount Vesuvius, (8km (5.0mi) distant). In 2021 an exceptional 1st c. AD painted tomb of a freed slave, Marcus Venerius Secundio, containing mummified human remains was discovered outside the Porta Sarno gate.

Pompeii covered a total of 64 to 67 hectares (160 to 170 acres) or about .mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}14 mile and was home to 11,000 to 11,500 people, based on household counts. In 1689, Francesco Picchetti saw a wall inscription mentioning decurio Pompeiis ("town councillor of Pompeii"), but he associated it with a villa of Pompey. 629694. [60], Herculaneum itself was rediscovered in 1738 by workmen digging for the foundations of a summer palace for the King of Naples, Charles of Bourbon. [107], There were at least 31 bakeries in the town, each with wood-burning ovens, millstones and a sales counter. [38], An important field of current research concerns structures that were restored between the earthquake of 62 and the eruption. These riches enabled Pompeii to bloom and expand to its ultimate limits. As a result, an additional internal wall was built of tufa and the internal agger and outer faade raised resulting in a double parapet with wider wall-walk. The period between about 450375 BC witnessed large areas of the city being abandoned while important sanctuaries such as the Temple of Apollo show a sudden lack of votive material remains.[25]. The city walls were reinforced in Sarno stone in the early 3rd century BC (the limestone enceinte, or the "first Samnite wall"). pompeii italy mt where vesuvius italian mount italia pompei ruins naples volcano cities eruption ad ash herculaneum places shadowed vesuvious [66] During early excavations of the site, occasional voids in the ash layer had been found that contained human remains. Pompeii was fortunate to have had fertile soil for crop cultivation. At some time in the night or early the next day, pyroclastic flows began near the volcano, consisting of high speed, dense, and very hot ash clouds, knocking down wholly or partly all structures in their path, incinerating or suffocating the remaining population and altering the landscape, including the coastline. [63], Karl Weber directed the first scientific excavations. The song appears on their album 1985 Tinderbox. In 2021 several long-closed domus were re-opened after restoration including the House of the Ship Europa,[97] House of the Orchard[98] and House of the Lovers. Many residents are employed in the tourism and hospitality industry, serving as taxi or bus drivers, waiters, or hotel staff. Three sheets of sediment from large landslides lie on top of the lava, perhaps triggered by extended rainfall. Excavations at the site have generally ceased due to a moratorium imposed by the superintendent of the site, Professor Pietro Giovanni Guzzo. He divided the city into the present nine areas (regiones) and blocks (insulae) and numbered the entrances of the individual houses (domus), so that each is identified by these three numbers. Since then, except for targeted soundings and excavations, work was confined to the excavated areas. [15] Despite the political uncertainty of these events and the progressive migration of wealthy men to quieter cities in the eastern Mediterranean, Pompeii continued to flourish due to the production and trade of wine and oil with places like Provence and Spain,[26] as well as to intensive agriculture on farms around the city.

Pompeii was the setting for the British comedy television series Up Pompeii! The site is generally less accessible to tourists than in the past, with less than a third of all buildings open in the 1960s being available for public viewing today. Spoleto, complesso monumentale di S. Nicol, 57 Novembre 2004, edited by M. Osanna and M. Torelli (Pisa, 2006), 227241. Chiaramonte Trer: "The Walls and Gates", in Dobbins & Foss, eds.. ecolo a.C." In Sicilia ellenistica, consuetudo italica. Under Fiorelli's successors the entire west of the city was exposed. [52], An October/November eruption is clearly supported by many pieces of evidence: the fact that people buried in the ash appear to have been wearing heavier clothing than the light summer clothes typical of August; the fresh fruit and vegetables in the shops are typical of October and conversely the summer fruit typical of August was already being sold in dried, or conserved form; nuts from chestnut trees were found at Oplontis which would not have been mature before mid-September;[53] wine fermenting jars had been sealed, which would have happened around the end of October; coins found in the purse of a woman buried in the ash include one with a 15th imperatorial acclamation among the emperor's titles.

In 2014, UNESCO headquarters received a new management plan intended to help integrate management, conservation, and maintenance programs at the property.[93]. in the forum. Further eruptions particularly in 471473 and 512 covered the remains more deeply. In the late 4th century BC, the city began to expand from its nucleus and into the open walled area. Pompeii was one of the towns of Campania that rebelled against Rome in the Social Wars and in 89 BC it was besieged by Sulla, who targeted the strategically vulnerable Porta Ercolano with his artillery as can still be seen by the impact craters of thousands of ballista shots in the walls. and the movie of the series. An unknown number of discoveries were hidden away again. [30], The area around Pompeii became very prosperous due to the desirability of living on the bay of Naples for rich Romans and due to the rich agricultural land. Expansion of the city from an early nucleus (the old town) accelerated already from 450 BC under the Greeks after the battle of Cumae.[12]. [23] Several houses were built with the so-called Tuscan atrium, typical of this people. The museum was closed to the public for 36 years before being reopened in 2016 as a space for temporary exhibitions. Dig of Pompeii fast-food place reveals tastes", "Archaeologists uncover ancient street food shop in Pompeii", "Archaeologists unveil ancient street food shop in Italy's Pompeii", "Victims and horses found at Civit Giuliana 20182020", "Ancient ceremonial chariot unearthed in Pompeii", "Pompeii: Archaeologists unveil ceremonial chariot discovery", "Archaeologists find unique ceremonial vehicle near Pompeii", "The tomb of Marcus Venerius Secundio discovered at Porta Sarno with mummified human remains", "Ashes to ashes: the latter-day ruin of Pompeii", "The Last Days of Pompeii: Destruction in World War II", "V.5.3 Pompeii. The Garum workshop[113] made the sauce obtained from the fermentation of the entrails of fish; in the building some containers were found, closed by lids, with the sauce inside while in the nearby garden there was a large deposit of amphorae. The city became an important passage for goods that arrived by sea and had to be sent toward Rome or Southern Italy along the nearby Appian Way. Fiorelli also published the first periodical with excavation reports. The Samnites, people from the areas of Abruzzo and Molise, and allies of the Romans, conquered Greek Cumae between 423 and 420 BC and it is likely that all the surrounding territory, including Pompeii, was already conquered around 424 BC. Largely preserved under the ash, the excavated city offered a unique snapshot of Roman life, frozen at the moment it was buried,[1] although much of the detailed evidence of the everyday life of its inhabitants was lost in the excavations. The lyrics refer to the city and the eruption of Mount Vesuvius. The main language in the city became Latin,[29] and many of Pompeii's old aristocratic families Latinized their names as a sign of assimilation. [15] The earliest settlement was focused in regions VII and VIII of the town (the old town) as identified from stratigraphy below the Samnite and Roman buildings, as well as from the different and irregular street plan. 1 (Jan. 1982), pp.

Pliny the Younger provided a first-hand account of the eruption of Mount Vesuvius from his position across the Bay of Naples at Misenum but written 25 years after the event. at Boscoreale, Stabiae), was buried under 4 to 6m (13 to 20ft) of volcanic ash and pumice in the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in AD 79. The result was that Pompeii became a Roman colony with the name of Colonia Cornelia Veneria Pompeianorum. Volume Primum, p. 153, Moormann, Eric; Pompeii's Ashes, De Gruyter 2015: The Reception of the Cities Buried by Vesuvius in Literature, Music, and Drama p 30, ASIN: B0138NONVW, Moormann, Eric; Pompeii's Ashes, De Gruyter 2015: The Reception of the Cities Buried by Vesuvius in Literature, Music, and Drama p 31, ASIN: B0138NONVW, The World of Pompeii, Edited by John J. Dobbins and Pedar W. Foss, ISBN 0-203-86619-3, p. 98, Conservation issues of Pompeii and Herculaneum, Conservation and restoration of Pompeian frescoes, "City Sizes and Urbanization in the Roman Empire", "Homepage Pompeii Sites Portale Ufficiale Parco Archeologico di Pompei", "Pompeii victim crushed by boulder while fleeing eruption", "Skeleton of child trying to shelter from Vesuvius eruption uncovered in Pompeii", "Remains of ancient Roman horse found at Pompeii in dig started by tomb raiders", https://sites.google.com/site/ad79eruption/pompeii/public-buildings/doric-temple, 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198786573.001.0001, "Exploring the sanctuary of Venus and its sacred grove: politics, cult and identity in Roman Pompeii", "Pompeii's destruction date could be wrong", "Pompeii eruption wasn't in summer but October study", "Pompeii: Its Discovery and Preservation", "Pompeii horse found still wearing harness", "Remains of a horse still wearing a harness found in ancient Pompeii stable", "Remains of horse found still wearing harness in ancient Pompeii stable", "Discoveries Continue at the Regio V Site", "Bodies of man and his slave unearthed from ashes at Pompeii", "Mallard to go? [37], On that day in Pompeii, there were to be two sacrifices, as it was the anniversary of Augustus being named "Father of the Nation" and also a feast day to honour the guardian spirits of the city. The mouth of the navigable Sarno River, adjacent to the city, was protected by lagoons and served early Greek and Phoenician sailors as a safe haven and port which was developed further by the Romans. The nutrient-rich lands near Pompeii were extremely efficient at this and were often able to exceed these requirements by a steep margin, therefore providing the incentive for local wineries to establish themselves. [19] That such an impressive wall was built at this time indicates that the settlement was already important and wealthy. Pompeii is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and is one of the most popular tourist attractions in Italy, with approximately 2.5million visitors annually. Weathering, erosion, light exposure, water damage, poor methods of excavation and reconstruction, introduced plants and animals, tourism, vandalism and theft have all damaged the site in some way. The numerous graffiti carved on the walls and inside rooms provide a wealth of examples of the largely lost Vulgar Latin spoken colloquially at the time, contrasting with the formal language of the classical writers. Suetonius, The Lives of Twelve Caesars, Life of Titus 8, Josephi Macrini, I. C. Neapolitani De Vesuvio. 98, pp. Two-thirds of the city has been excavated, but the remnants of the city are rapidly deteriorating. Remains of large formations of constructed wineries were found in the Forum Boarium, covered by cemented casts from the eruption of Vesuvius. [82] Its inscription records he achieved custodianship of the Temple of Venus and membership of the Augustales, priests of the Imperial Cult.

Chaos followed the earthquake; fires caused by oil lamps that had fallen during the quake added to the panic. M. Mastroroberto, "Una visita di Nerone a Pompei: le deversoriae tabernae di Moregine," in A. DAmbrosio, P. G. Guzzo and M. Mastroroberto (eds), Storie da uneruzione.

After those of Fiorelli, excavations continued in an increasingly more systematic and considered manner under several directors of archaeology though still with the main interest in making spectacular discoveries and uncovering more houses rather than answering the main questions about the city and its long term preservation.[68]. Soon after the burial of the city, survivors and possibly thieves came to salvage valuables, including the marble statues from the forum and other precious materials from buildings. In 1996 the organisation claimed that Pompeii "desperately need[ed] repair" and called for the drafting of a general plan of restoration and interpretation. [citation needed]. Originally built by Giuseppe Fiorelli between 1873 and 1874, the Antiquarium of Pompeii began as an exhibition venue displaying archaeological finds that represented the daily life of the Ancient city. [32] The carriage is made of bronze and black and red wooden panels, with engraved metal medallions at the back.[79][80][81]. Pompeii, along with Herculaneum and many villas in the surrounding area (e.g. The World of Pompeii, Edited by John J. Dobbins and Pedar W. Foss. Titus appointed two ex-consuls to organise a relief effort, while donating large amounts of money from the imperial treasury to aid the victims of the volcano. [85] The organisation supported conservation at Pompeii with funding from American Express and the Samuel H. Kress Foundation. Modestus Bakery and VII.1.37. Anderson.

The 1954 film Journey to Italy, starring George Sanders and Ingrid Bergman, includes a scene at Pompeii in which they witness the excavation of a cast of a couple who perished in the eruption. 86, No. In 2018, these led to new discoveries in some previously unexplored areas of the city.

[57], Over the following centuries, its name and location were forgotten, though it still appeared on the Tabula Peutingeriana of the 4th century.

By evening of the second day, the eruption was over, leaving only haze in the atmosphere through which the sun shone weakly.

The aqueduct was a branch of the great Serino Aqueduct built to serve the other large towns in the Bay of Naples region and the important naval base at Misenum. An older reproduction was locked away "out of prudishness" and opened only on request and only rediscovered in 1998 due to rainfall. P. G. Guzzo, "Alla ricerca della Pompei sannitica," in, Dionysius of Halicarnassus: Roman Antiquities Book VII. These excavations resumed on unexcavated areas of Regio V.[73] In November 2020 the remains of two men, thought to be a rich man and his slave, were found in a 2m-thick (6.6ft) layer of ash. The excavated areas in the north and south were connected. From about 20 BC, Pompeii was fed with running water by a spur from the Serino Aqueduct, built by Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa. [33] These buildings raised the status of Pompeii as a cultural centre in the region as it outshone its neighbours in the number of places for entertainment which significantly enhanced the social and economic development of the city. The new baths took over a whole insula by demolishing houses, which may have been made easier by the earthquake that had damaged these houses.

As admiral of the fleet, Pliny the Elder had ordered the ships of the Imperial Navy stationed at Misenum to cross the bay to assist evacuation attempts. The Modestus bakery,[108] or House of the Oven, was the largest in the city and Sotericus's bakery, also among the largest, preserves the room for kneading bread.[109]. Pompeii is a driving force behind the economy of the nearby town of Pompei. [42], In about 64, Nero and his wife Poppaea visited Pompeii and made gifts to the temple of Venus (the city's patron deity),[43] probably when he performed in the theatre of Naples.[44]. The area became known as the La Civita (the city) due to the features in the ground.[58]. [61] Charles of Bourbon took great interest in the finds, even after leaving to become king of Spain, because the display of antiquities reinforced the political and cultural prestige of Naples. The soils surrounding Mount Vesuvius preceding its eruption have been revealed to have had good water-retention capabilities, implying productive agriculture. It is believed that the earthquake would have registered between about 5 and 6 on the Richter magnitude scale. Visitors can see archaeological discoveries from the excavations, casts of the victims of the Mount Vesuvius eruption as well as displays documenting Pompeii's settlement history prior to becoming a thriving Roman city.[123]. The city began to flourish, and maritime trade started with the construction of a small port near the mouth of the river. The amphitheatre has been cited by scholars as a model of sophisticated design, particularly in the area of crowd control. [83], Furthermore, during World War II many buildings were badly damaged or destroyed by bombs dropped in several raids by the Allied forces. In AD 59, there was a serious riot and bloodshed in the amphitheatre between Pompeians and Nucerians (which is recorded in a fresco) and which led the Roman senate to send the Praetorian Guard to restore order and to ban further events for a period of ten years. [15]:62 At the same time the cult of Apollo was introduced. The audience consisted only of the film's production crew and some local children. Pompeii is a 2003 Robert Harris novel featuring an account of the aquarius's race to fix the broken aqueduct in the days before the eruption of Vesuvius. [89][90], Today, funding is mostly directed into conservation of the site; however, due to the expanse of Pompeii and the scale of the problems, this is inadequate in halting the slow decay of the materials. [115] While wine was exported for Pompeii's economy, the majority of the other agricultural goods were likely produced in quantities sufficient for the city's consumption. A study of the bones showed that the younger one appeared to have done manual labour and hence was likely a slave. [28] Although the battle-hardened troops of the Social League, headed by Lucius Cluentius, helped in resisting the Romans, Pompeii was forced to surrender after the conquest of Nola. [88], Owing to its wealth and its Greek, Etruscan and Roman history, Pompeii is of great interest for the study of Roman architecture in terms of building methods and urban planning. By 524 BC,[20] the Etruscans had arrived and settled in the area, including Pompeii, finding in the River Sarno a communication route between the sea and the interior. [46] The first phase was of pumice rain (lapilli) lasting about 18 hours, allowing most inhabitants to escape. This technique is still in use today, with a clear resin now used instead of plaster because it is more durable, and does not destroy the bones, allowing further analysis.[67]. The forum and many public and private buildings of high architectural quality were built, including The Large Theatre, the Temple of Jupiter, the Basilica, the Comitium, the Stabian Baths and a new two-story portico.[27]. Modern archaeologists have excavated garden sites and urban domains to reveal the agricultural staples of Pompeii's economy. The new rulers gradually imposed their architecture and enlarged the town. The complete skeleton of an extremely small adult dog was also discovered, measuring only about 2025cm (7.99.8in) at the shoulder, which provides evidence of highly selective breeding of dogs in Roman times. [11] The city bordered the coastline, though today it is 700m (2,300ft) away. Catalogue NaplesBruxelles 20032004, 2003, pp. Casa e Officina del Garum degli Umbricii Room Plan", "Ancient erotic fresco uncovered in Pompeii ruins", "Archaeological Area of Pompeii, Herculaneum and Torre Annunziata, Italy, n. 829", "Pompeii's historic museum reopens with new artifacts", "David Gilmour Sets First Pompeii Shows Since Pink Floyd's Concert Film", "David Gilmour live at Pompeii a photo essay", "Ancient Mysteries: Season 3, Episode 22", 10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199569366.001.0001, "Pompeii: The Mystery of the People Frozen in Time", "Temperatures of the A.D. 79 pyroclastic density current deposits (Vesuvius, Italy)", "Lethal Thermal Impact at Periphery of Pyroclastic Surges: Evidences at Pompeii", "A Tale of Two Cities: In Search of Ancient Pompeii and Herculaneum", "Avalanche-associated mass flows damaged Pompeii several times before the Vesuvius catastrophic eruption in the 79 CE", Archaeological Park of Pompeii on Google Arts and Culture platform, City of Vicenza and the Palladian Villas of the Veneto, Great Spa Towns of Europe - Montecatini Terme, Arab-Norman Palermo and the Cathedral Churches of Cefal and Monreale, Longobards in Italy, Places of Power (568774 A.D.), Prehistoric pile dwellings around the Alps, Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe, Venetian Works of Defence between 15th and 17th centuries, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pompeii&oldid=1097733310, 70s disestablishments in the Roman Empire, Populated places disestablished in the 1st century, Populated places established in the 6th century BC, Populated places established in the 7th century BC, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from September 2012, Wikipedia articles needing factual verification from September 2019, Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2019, Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata, Pages using Sister project links with default search, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 12 July 2022, at 11:26.